Companies often default to using senior executives as spokespeople, assuming title equals authority. However, audience engagement is driven by delivery and personality, not job title. Prioritize employees who are naturally compelling speakers—even if junior—to create more effective content like webinars and podcasts.

To move beyond status updates in one-on-one meetings, managers should open up about their own challenges. Asking a team member for their perspective on a decision the manager is making fosters trust, shows respect, and can uncover valuable insights you hadn't considered.

When you're too junior to contribute verbally in a meeting, becoming the designated note-taker is a strategic move. This act forces you to organize information, which aids retention and, as Mark Andreessen noted, can subtly shift power to the person documenting the conversation.

For roundtable discussions, pre-assign seating based on attendees' self-assessed experience (e.g., novice, expert). This tactic ensures conversations are relevant for everyone, preventing experts from being bored and novices from feeling intimidated, dramatically improving the quality of peer-to-peer engagement.

We gain 20 IQ points advising others but lose 20 advising ourselves. 'Deep sparring'—collaborative problem-solving with trusted peers—leverages this effect. A few hours of this per quarter provides outside perspective that can break through personal biases more effectively than weeks of isolated work.

Mentoring is not just altruistic; it's a powerful tool for self-improvement. When mentees apply a senior PM's frameworks and encounter challenges, it forces the mentor to refine their models, plug gaps, and confirm which patterns are truly repeatable. It's a feedback loop for your own expertise.

To empower junior employees in remote meetings, leaders should always ask a question after they present, even if the leader knows the answer. This tactic serves two purposes: it communicates that their work is important and gives them another opportunity to demonstrate their expertise, building their confidence.

An interviewer's goal is to learn, not to talk. By dominating the conversation, as when the interviewer's question was twice as long as the answer, nothing is learned. A good rule of thumb is to limit your own speaking time to 10-15% to maximize information gathering.

When meeting with senior leaders, shift the focus from your status updates to their priorities. Ask what's top of mind for them, what challenges they face, and how you can help. This reframes you from a direct report into a strategic ally, building trust and social capital.