Before seeking major funding, Elysian validated its radical aircraft design with skeptical professors from TU Delft and MIT. Winning over these experts provided the critical credibility and third-party proof needed to build investor confidence in their unproven deep-tech concept.

Despite the common wisdom that investors prefer co-founding teams, Juxta's solo founder raised $5 million in 48 hours without a single investor questioning his status. This suggests that for complex, deep tech ideas, a powerful vision and a credible team can completely mitigate concerns about being a solo founder.

Deals like Naveen Rao's $1B raise at a $5B pre-money valuation seem to break venture math. However, investors justify this by stipulating that proven founders in hard infrastructure markets compress key risks, making market size, not execution, the primary remaining question.

Unlike software, where customer acquisition is the main risk, the primary diligence question for transformative hardware is technical feasibility. If a team can prove they can build the product (e.g., a cheaper missile system), the market demand is often a given, simplifying the investment thesis.

When traditional metrics like ARR or DAUs are unavailable, ambitious hard-tech startups can leverage large, non-binding Letters of Intent (LOIs) from future customers to validate their vision and attract early-stage investment.

Applying the "weird if it didn't work" framework to fundraising means shifting the narrative. Your goal is to construct a story where the market opportunity is so massive and your team's approach is so compelling that an investor's decision *not* to participate would feel like an obvious miss.

In capital-intensive sectors, the idea is secondary to the founder's ability to act as a magnet. Their primary function is to relentlessly attract elite talent and secure continuous funding to survive long development timelines before revenue.

Unlike SaaS startups focused on finding product-market fit (market risk), deep tech ventures tackle immense technical challenges. If they succeed, they enter massive, pre-existing trillion-dollar markets like energy or shipping where demand is virtually guaranteed, eliminating market risk entirely.

For deep tech startups aiming for commercialization, validating market pull isn't a downstream activity—it's a prerequisite. Spending years in a lab without first identifying a specific customer group and the critical goal they are blocked from achieving is an enormous, avoidable risk.