Customers, like founders, have a gap between their stated beliefs and actual behaviors. Instead of relying on discovery interviews, watch them work. Observing their actions reveals their true operating philosophy—what they genuinely value—which is a more reliable guide for product development than what they say.

Effective identity resolution goes beyond separating consumer and professional personas. True personalization involves linking these identities to market to the 'whole person,' allowing for more contextually relevant messaging, such as targeting a professional with IT products during their personal hobby time (e.g., watching golf).

Instead of creating a vague "ideal client avatar," identify a real person who embodies your brand's values. For Birdies, this was Meghan Markle—before her royal fame—because she represented warmth, hosting, and community. This makes marketing and product decisions tangible and focused.

To truly understand customers, go to their natural environment—their home or shop. Observing their context reveals far more than sterile office interviews. This practice, internally branded "Listen or Die," ensures the entire team stays connected to the user's reality.

Creating a genuine brand voice requires deep immersion, not just a brief. By spending months interacting with dozens of employees across all departments, a consultant can uncover the shared language and core truths that form an authentic, resonant voice.

Design thinking's immersion phase goes beyond understanding customer needs. By having innovators physically mirror the customer's experience, it forces them to confront and dismantle their own unexamined biases, leading to a fundamental reframing of the problem itself.

The only reliable way to understand a customer is to "forward deploy"—work alongside them in their actual environment. This direct experience of their job closes the context gap that interviews can't bridge, revealing unspoken needs and frustrations.

To truly understand a B2B customer's pain, interviews are not enough. The best founders immerse themselves completely by 'going native'—taking a temporary job at a target company to experience their problems firsthand. This uncovers authentic needs that surface-level research misses.

When you're not a subject matter expert in the audience you're selling to (e.g., marketers selling to developers), the most effective strategy is to rely heavily on your customers. Use qualitative interviews to deeply understand their world, which provides the authentic language and positioning needed for your messaging and campaigns.