Asking users for solutions yields incremental ideas like "faster horses." Instead, ask them to tell detailed stories about their workflow. This narrative approach uncovers the true context, pain points, and decision journeys that direct questions miss, leading to breakthrough insights about the actual problem to be solved.

Customers, like founders, have a gap between their stated beliefs and actual behaviors. Instead of relying on discovery interviews, watch them work. Observing their actions reveals their true operating philosophy—what they genuinely value—which is a more reliable guide for product development than what they say.

To get unbiased user feedback, avoid asking leading questions like "What are your main problems?" Instead, prompt users to walk you through their typical workflow. In describing their process, they will naturally reveal the genuine friction points and hacks they use, providing much richer insight than direct questioning.

As companies grow, communication becomes fragmented across more people, increasing the risk of "translation errors." Regular, firsthand customer experience for all roles—not just founders—is essential to prevent internal models from diverging from customer reality.

Relying on customer interviews creates a false sense of understanding. The context gap between an interviewer and a customer living their job is too massive to bridge with questions alone. This leads to building products based on flawed, incomplete information.

Customers describe an idealized version of their world in interviews. To understand their true problems and workflows, you must be physically present. This uncovers the crucial gap between their perception and day-to-day reality.

True product intuition isn't just from standard discovery calls. It's forged by directly engaging with customers' most urgent problems on escalation calls. This unfiltered feedback provides conviction and data-backed confidence for decision-making.

To truly understand customers, go to their natural environment—their home or shop. Observing their context reveals far more than sterile office interviews. This practice, internally branded "Listen or Die," ensures the entire team stays connected to the user's reality.

If a sales sprint results in confusing data and you can't figure out why some prospects are interested and others aren't, the answer isn't more calls. The next step is to go in-person and shadow a potential customer for a day. Direct, firsthand observation will reveal more ground truth than months of interviews.