The Pratfall Effect shows admitting a flaw can increase likability and trust. A Reddit ad for the Nudge podcast titled "Five reasons why you shouldn't listen" performed 4x better than a standard ad listing benefits. This counterintuitive approach grabs attention and builds rapport by subverting expectations.

The most effective ideas are not the most outlandish. Human psychology craves both novelty and familiarity simultaneously. Truly successful creative work, from marketing to scientific research, finds the perfect balance between being innovative and being grounded in something the audience already understands.

The pursuit of pure originality is often a status game that leads to incomprehensible ideas. A more effective approach is to see originality as a new way to show people an old, constant truth. This re-frames innovation as a novel form of derivation, making it more accessible and relatable.

Effective messaging avoids product pitches and instead creates "perceptual curiosity" by sharing an insight that contradicts a buyer's beliefs about their own process. This makes them re-evaluate their "good enough" solution and discover its hidden costs, creating organic demand for a new way.

In a crowded digital space, products and marketing with a unique, even polarizing, visual style are more likely to capture attention and be memorable than those following standard design trends. Daring to be different visually can be a powerful competitive advantage.

A brand that tries to please everyone is memorable to no one. To build a truly strong brand, you must be willing to be disliked by some. Intentionally defining who your customer is *not* and creating polarizing content sharpens your identity, fostering a passionate community among those who love what you stand for.

A story's core mechanic for engagement is not just emotion, but the constant betrayal of the audience's expectations. People are drawn to narratives, jokes, and songs precisely because they want their predictions about what happens next to be wrong. This element of surprise is what makes a story satisfying and compels an audience to continue.

The book title "Make Brilliant Work" is forgettable, while "Steal Like an Artist" is compelling because it contains a conflict—artists are supposed to be original, not thieves. This principle of juxtaposition can be applied to any writing by introducing opposing ideas to create immediate tension and capture attention.

Improving imagination is less like a painter adding to a blank canvas and more like a sculptor removing material. The primary task is to forget expected answers and consensus reality. This subtractive process uncovers the truly novel ideas that are otherwise obscured by convention.