To avoid the trap of hiring 'good enough' people, make the interview panel explicitly state which current employee the candidate surpasses. This forces a concrete comparison and ensures every new hire actively raises the company's overall talent level, preventing a slow, imperceptible decline in quality.

Standard reference checks yield generic praise. To identify true A-players, ask their former colleagues a high-stakes question: “Would you quit your current job to work for this person again?” An enthusiastic “yes” is the strongest hiring signal you can get.

For hiring, Scott Galloway advocates for prioritizing "reference hiring" above all else. He trusts a strong recommendation from a credible source so much that he considers the candidate an "80, 90% lock on the job" before they even interview. This suggests vetted referrals are a far more reliable signal of quality than traditional interview performance.

To understand a candidate's true drivers, ask them to walk through every major career decision they've made, from college choice to job changes. This narrative reveals patterns and motivations—such as status-chasing, financial incentives, or problem-solving focus—far more effectively than direct questions.

In a rapidly changing environment, adaptability ('malleability') is key. To get past rehearsed answers about work projects, ask candidates to describe personal changes they've made in their own lives. This reveals their genuine capacity for self-reflection and adaptation.

HubSpot's hiring success improved when they stopped hiring candidates with the fewest weaknesses (e.g., consistent 3/4 scores) and instead chose 'spiky' individuals. These candidates elicit strong positive reactions from some interviewers and weaker reactions from others, indicating exceptional strengths alongside known weaknesses.

When evaluating a candidate's job history, distinguish between those 'running towards' an exciting opportunity and those 'running from' a negative situation. The former is a strong positive signal of ambition and conviction. The latter can be a red flag that warrants deeper investigation into potential performance or culture fit issues.

Instead of generic interview questions, ask what truly motivates a candidate and what they'd do for a hobby if money weren't an issue. The way they describe these passions reveals their energy, personality, and core drivers far more effectively than rehearsed answers about work experience.

Senior executives are, by definition, excellent at interviewing, making the process unreliable for signal. Instead of relying on a polished performance, ask to see the 360-degree performance reviews from their previous company. This provides a more honest, ground-truth assessment of their strengths and weaknesses.