To disarm a condescending narcissist, appeal to their obsession with public perception. Ask how they think a third party (like a jury or their peers) would view their unreasonable stance. This forces them to confront their image, often causing them to soften their opinion to seem more palatable.

There are no universal cues for lying. Instead of assuming a gesture like crossed arms means someone is being deceptive, view it as a change in their state. This change is a signal to become curious and ask clarifying questions.

Universally, people harden their lower eyelids to reduce light intake for better focus. This nonverbal “lid flex” indicates a listener has moved from passively hearing to actively scrutinizing your words. This is a critical signal to pause and invite questions before you lose them.

Influence is nudging someone in a direction beneficial for both parties and is built on honesty. Manipulation benefits only you and relies on deception or lying. Lying is the shortcut that crosses the line from ethical influence to manipulation.

UCLA research shows that consciously labeling a negative emotional cue (e.g., thinking “that was an eye-roll”) calms the amygdala’s threat response. This mental act restores physiological control, stopping a downward spiral in high-stakes situations like presentations or negotiations.

Your internal emotional state is transmitted to others, even when you try to hide it. Behavioral investigator Vanessa Van Edwards found that subtle micro-expressions induce the same feelings in others, causing them to form a negative or positive opinion about you within the first few seconds of an interaction.

A key tell for distinguishing authentic from manipulative crying is the crier's behavior. A manipulator needs their tears to be seen to have an effect and will display them openly. Someone genuinely overwhelmed by emotion often tries to hide their tears, viewing them as a sign of vulnerability.

Trust isn't built on words. It's revealed through "honest signals"—non-verbal cues and, most importantly, the pattern of reciprocal interaction. Observing how people exchange help and information can predict trust and friendship with high accuracy, as it demonstrates a relationship of mutual give-and-take.

When trying to deceive someone, admitting a genuine, less critical flaw can make you seem honest and self-aware. This vulnerability makes the primary lie more credible because the listener thinks, "Why would they tell me this bad thing if the other part wasn't true?"