Intelligence is not a single trait but the culmination of a causal chain. The sequence begins with evolution enabling sensing, which necessitates memory. This leads to consciousness and imagination, which finally allows for free will — the sum total of which is intelligence.

Extraordinary success often comes not from a revolutionary idea, but from taking a simple concept—like hosting a cocktail party or building a vacuum—and applying an obsessive, world-class level of seriousness and craftsmanship to it. The 'what' matters less than the depth of commitment.

The pursuit of pure originality is often a status game that leads to incomprehensible ideas. A more effective approach is to see originality as a new way to show people an old, constant truth. This re-frames innovation as a novel form of derivation, making it more accessible and relatable.

To communicate complex ideas, write at a 4th or 5th-grade level. Warren Buffett, a master of a complicated business, writes his famous annual letters with extreme simplicity. Using simple language and analogies makes your message more accessible and powerful, not less intelligent.

Great artists and thinkers don't necessarily have unique ideas. Instead, they possess the courage and self-esteem to grant significance to the common, relatable thoughts that most people dismiss. In their work, we find our own neglected ideas finally given legitimacy.

People who scored 90%+ in school often have a bias towards complexity. They feel a need to justify their intellect by solving complex problems, which can cause them to overlook simple solutions that consumers actually want. The market rewards simplicity, not intellectual complexity.

Solow believed that understanding complex topics, like macroeconomics, requires stripping away mathematical complexity to find the simple, underlying mechanism. This approach is key to true comprehension and effective teaching, giving one the belief that a simple core exists in any complex creation.

True expertise in training is demonstrated by simplifying complex processes, not by showcasing complexity. Friedrich's Law states that while people tend to make simple things complex, genius lies in making complex concepts simple and accessible for others to execute successfully.

Labeling individuals like Einstein as geniuses helps commodify their legacy, turning them into brands that can sell products from toys to technology. This branding mechanism benefits heirs and marketers but may not actually foster more world-changing work or reflect the reality of their contributions.