Contrary to popular belief, Franklin D. Roosevelt's landslide victory in 1932 was not primarily due to the economy. Polling from the era reveals the key issue for voters was repealing Prohibition, suggesting the public had not yet fully blamed the Hoover administration for the crash's delayed fallout.
The appeal of a populist leader lies in their rejection of traditional political norms. When the electorate feels betrayed by the established "political class," they gravitate toward figures whose rhetoric is a deliberate and stark contrast, signaling they are an outsider.
The GOP is currently defending economic policies by pointing to macro indicators while ignoring public sentiment about unaffordability. This mirrors the exact mistake Democrats made in previous cycles, demonstrating a dangerous tendency for the party in power to become deaf to the lived economic reality of average citizens and dismiss their concerns.
In a democracy with massive debt, reckless government spending becomes inevitable. The electorate will consistently vote for short-term relief (money printing, free programs) over the long-term pain of austerity, making fiscal irresponsibility a predictable outcome of human nature.
In 1933, President Roosevelt's administration confiscated citizens' gold at $20/ounce, then immediately devalued the dollar by repricing gold to $35/ounce. This accounting maneuver created a massive profit for the government, which was then used to fund New Deal stimulus programs.
The current expectation for legislative stalemate could be completely upended by a significant economic downturn. A recession would make fiscal stimulus more politically appealing to both parties, consistent with historical patterns, creating an environment for policy action that otherwise seems unlikely given the political landscape.
Figures like Donald Trump don't create populist movements; they rise by capitalizing on pre-existing societal problems like economic despair. Focusing on removing the leader ignores the root causes that allowed them to gain power, ensuring another similar figure will eventually emerge.
The conventional wisdom that moderate candidates are more electable is a myth. Elections are won by turnout, not by appealing to the median voter. A polarizing figure who excites their base will often win by a larger margin than a moderate who fails to generate enthusiasm.
For some voters, a single, clear display of economic incompetence from an administration—such as an advisor failing to explain basic monetary theory—can be a 'radicalizing' event. This can override all other policy considerations and become the primary reason to vote for the opposition.
Political alignment is becoming secondary to economic frustration. Voters are responding to candidates who address rising costs, creating unpredictable alliances and fracturing established bases. This dynamic is swamping traditional ideology, forcing both parties to scramble for a new populist message centered on financial well-being.
In times of economic inequality, people are psychologically driven to vote for policies that punish a perceived enemy—like the wealthy or immigrants—rather than those that directly aid the poor. This powerful emotional desire for anger and a villain fuels populist leaders.