The original definition of inflation is an expansion of the money supply. By shifting the definition to mean rising prices (a consequence), governments can deflect blame for inflation onto businesses, unions, or foreign events, rather than their own money-printing policies.
The surge of women entering the workforce in the 1980s was an economic imperative, not just a cultural shift. The severe inflation of the 1970s, following the break from the gold standard, destroyed the purchasing power of a single salary, making a second income necessary for most families.
In 1933, President Roosevelt's administration confiscated citizens' gold at $20/ounce, then immediately devalued the dollar by repricing gold to $35/ounce. This accounting maneuver created a massive profit for the government, which was then used to fund New Deal stimulus programs.
The decline in U.S. manufacturing isn't just about labor costs. A crucial, overlooked factor is the disparity in savings. While Americans consumed, nations like China saved and invested in capital goods like factories, making their labor more productive and thus more attractive for manufacturing investment.
The spike in 1970s oil prices was a direct reaction to the U.S. abandoning the gold standard. Oil-producing countries were no longer being paid in gold-backed dollars, so they raised prices from $3 to $40 per barrel to compensate for the currency's rapid loss of purchasing power.
Unlike in 1971 when the U.S. unilaterally left the gold standard, today's rally is driven by foreign central banks losing confidence in the U.S. dollar. They are actively divesting from dollars into gold, indicating a systemic shift in the global monetary order, not just a U.S. policy change.
The U.S. economy's ability to consume more than it produces is not due to superior productivity but to the dollar's role as the world's reserve currency. This allows the U.S. to export paper currency and import real goods, a privilege that is now at risk as the world diversifies away from the dollar.
Alan Greenspan viewed a rising gold price as a market signal that monetary policy was too loose and interest rates were too low. Today's soaring gold price, viewed through this lens, suggests the Federal Reserve is making a significant policy error by considering rate cuts.