Founders instinctively obsess over the product as if it's the primary constraint. In the "case study factory" model, the product is not a stage itself, but a tool that enables sales and delivery. The true bottleneck is almost always in pipeline, sales, or delivery—not the product.
Related Insights
When founders claim a proven but labor-intensive channel 'doesn't scale,' they often misdiagnose a resourcing problem. The bottleneck isn't the channel's viability but their inability to solve the operational challenge of hiring, training, and managing a team to execute that channel at massive volume.
Many founders perceive selling before building a product as an extreme approach. They prefer the comfort of building first, even though it wastes months on irrelevant products. This aversion stems from a fear of interrupting people without a finished product, a mindset that equates building with preparation and early selling with being premature.
Founders mistakenly treat their product idea as fixed while searching for customers. The correct mindset is the reverse: customer needs are a fixed reality. Your product is the variable you must shape to fit that reality, not the other way around.
Startups with lukewarm demand must have a perfect go-to-market process. In contrast, when you find intense demand where customers are pulling the product from you, the rest of your "factory" (pipeline, sales, delivery) can be messy and still function, allowing you to iterate and improve.
Frame your entire startup not as a product, but as a three-step factory (pipeline, sales, delivery) designed to repeatedly produce one "hell yes" customer success story. This tangible model clarifies the core business function and helps identify bottlenecks in the system.
When sales stall, founders assume the market isn't interested. More often, it's an execution problem: they fail to listen to clear demand signals or pitch irrelevant features, creating a self-inflicted "demand problem."
Applying the Theory of Constraints, a startup's growth is limited by a single bottleneck in its factory (pipeline, sales, or delivery). Improving onboarding is useless if you have one sales call a month. All focus must be on solving that single constraint to make progress.
A startup's core function is to find one successful, repeatable customer 'case study' and then build a factory (pipeline, sales, delivery) to replicate it at scale. This manufacturing-based mental model prevents random acts of improvement and helps founders apply concepts like bottleneck theory to know exactly where to focus their efforts for maximum impact.
Founders often default to building product not for strategic reasons, but because it is a more comfortable activity than selling. Early-stage selling, without a finished product to lean on, creates significant discomfort. This aversion to uncomfortable situations is a primary driver of the value-destroying 'build it and they will come' mindset.