Our brains are wired to respond less to constant stimuli, a process called habituation. This is why the joy from a new job, a great view, or a loving relationship can fade over time. What was once amazing becomes normal, diminishing its impact on our daily happiness.
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We believe reaching a major goal (like a weight target or financial milestone) will bring lasting joy. However, due to brain homeostasis, we quickly return to our baseline. This "arrival fallacy" reveals that fulfillment is found in the progress and journey, not the often-hollow destination.
We mistakenly believe external goals grant us permission to feel happy. In reality, happiness is a neurochemical process our brain controls. Understanding this allows one to short-circuit the endless chase for external validation and learn to generate fulfillment on demand.
Humans adapt their expectations downwards, becoming accustomed to systemic problems like corruption, sexism, or poor healthcare. This habituation makes terrible conditions seem normal and inevitable, alleviating personal pain but also blunting the collective motivation required to challenge and change them.
We often seek a consistently high standard of living, but happiness is most intensely felt as a contrast to a previous, lesser state. A man blind for 46 years found more joy in a drab office carpet than most people find in a perfect sunset, because the contrast was so profound.
To counteract the brain's tendency to habituate, intentionally break up positive experiences. Taking shorter, more frequent vacations or inserting breaks while listening to a favorite song resets your joy response, making each segment feel more novel and pleasurable than continuous consumption.
The human brain defaults to an energy-saving 'autopilot' mode for predictable routines, like a daily commute. This causes you to be mentally absent and miss large portions of your life. Introducing novelty and unpredictable experiences is crucial because it forces your brain to disengage autopilot and become present and focused.
Constantly bombarding our reward pathways causes the brain to permanently weigh down the 'pain' side of its pleasure-pain balance. This alters our baseline mood, or 'hedonic set point,' meaning we eventually need our substance or behavior not to get high, but simply to escape a state of withdrawal and feel normal.
While repetition is crucial for skill mastery, the brain eventually stops recording familiar experiences to conserve energy. This neurological efficiency causes our perception of time to speed up as we age. To counteract this, one must intentionally introduce new challenges to keep the brain actively creating new memories.
A study on older adults found that taking a weekly "awe walk" became more effective with repetition, countering the typical hedonic treadmill effect. Participants felt increasing awe over eight weeks and their sense of self became smaller, as seen in the photos they took.
This concept, 'prevalence-induced concept change,' shows that as significant problems decrease, our brains don't experience fewer issues. Instead, we expand our definition of a 'problem' to include minor inconveniences, making neutral situations seem threatening. This explains why comfort can paradoxically increase perceived hardship.