Marketing messages should appeal to two distinct buyer motivations. Some are drawn to positive future outcomes ("painting possibility"), while others are driven to escape current struggles ("running from the pain"). Effective campaigns test and incorporate both angles to maximize reach and resonance with a wider audience.

In every family, technology choices are driven by a younger person, typically aged 8-25. Cred's marketing targets this 'Chief Technology Officer' of the house. Even if they aren't the end user, their endorsement influences the adoption decisions of the entire family.

Instead of chasing a new audience, a kids' brand was advised to add features for the parents who are already customers. This "Pixar" model—having content for adults—leverages the existing customer base for word-of-mouth growth into the new segment.

Startup founders often sell visionary upside, but the majority of customers—especially in enterprise—purchase products to avoid pain or reduce risk (e.g., missing revenue targets). GTM messaging should pivot from the "art of the possible" to risk mitigation to resonate more effectively with buyers.

Instead of focusing only on positive gains, highlight the potential risks and negative consequences of not buying. Customers are highly motivated to avoid loss and will often pay a premium to mitigate risk, much like they purchase insurance for peace of mind, not for a direct cost saving.

According to screenwriter Robert Towne, stories tap into two fundamental human drivers: achieving a cherished outcome or avoiding a negative one. This binary is a powerful lens for product development and marketing. Frame your offering to either fulfill a deep-seated aspiration or eliminate a persistent fear.

Leverage psychological loss aversion by positioning the customer's status quo as the actual risk. Instead of highlighting the upside of switching to your product, emphasize that their current path leads to obsolescence, framing your solution as a safe harbor, not a risky bet.

Modern advertising weaponizes fear to generate sales. By creating or amplifying insecurities about health, social status, or safety, companies manufacture a problem that their product can conveniently solve, contributing to a baseline level of societal anxiety for commercial gain.

One of five timeless marketing principles is that humans are wired to avoid pain more than they are to seek gain. Marketing that speaks to a customer's secret worries—a missed goal, a clunky process, or looking stupid—will grab attention more effectively than messages focused purely on benefits.