Chrystia Freeland's strategy with the Trump administration rejected both appeasement and reckless escalation. The approach was to be respectful and find mutual interests, but also hold firm on core principles and retaliate proportionately to unacceptable pressure, as Canada did with steel tariffs.

Actions like the Greenland affair are alienating allies like Canada and the EU. This pushes them to pursue independent, softer trade policies with China to secure economic benefits, seeing it as diversification rather than a strategic pivot away from the US.

Canada's long-term economic strategy is built on the belief that the era of increasing integration with the US is permanently over. The leadership anticipates that future American politicians will find it difficult to remove trade barriers, necessitating a fundamental, long-term pivot for Canada's economy away from US dependency.

Canada's vast natural resources, particularly oil, are a strategic asset that should be used as leverage in negotiations with the United States. This approach can secure tariff-free trade and counter an increasingly isolationist American foreign policy by highlighting mutual dependency and strategic importance.

Trump's strategy of publicly bullying and belittling allies backfires on the international stage. Unlike in domestic politics, sovereign nations have viable alternatives. This approach forces them to save face by aligning with rivals like China, even if it's not in their long-term best interest.

To counteract US trade barriers, Canada's long-term strategy involves removing its own internal trade barriers between provinces. This move is projected to boost GDP by a quarter of a trillion dollars, enough to offset even a complete breakdown of the US trade deal.

Donald Trump targeted the Gordie Howe Bridge, a C$6 billion project entirely funded by Canada, to create a trade dispute. He forced a "new deal" over future profit sharing, which is unlikely to materialize for decades. The maneuver served primarily to create a political victory with little tangible gain.

Trump's confrontational stance with allies isn't just chaos; it's a calculated strategy based on the reality that they have nowhere else to go. The U.S. can troll and pressure nations like Canada and European countries, knowing they won't realistically align with China, ultimately forcing them to increase their own defense commitments.

During NAFTA talks with the Trump administration, Canada didn't just deal with the executive branch. It actively engaged Congress, governors, unions, and businesses to build broad support for the relationship, effectively creating a network of influence around a single, powerful counterpart.