An outside CEO's misunderstanding of a core business model can be catastrophic. The new CEO pivoted from a high-margin, recurring-revenue model to chasing large, complex projects. This mismatch resulted in a $12 million loss on $20 million in revenue, halving the company's EBITDA in just nine months.

In a turnaround, a leader's most critical first step is restructuring their direct reports. McLaren's CEO replaced every key leader—CFO, HR, commercial, etc.—to create a unified group that could then drive cultural change down through their own departments.

Facing a potential shutdown in 2019, Jeremy Allaire made the brutal decision to sell off non-core business units and reduce headcount from 450 to 59. This extreme focus on the core USDC product, despite the pain, saved the company and fueled its subsequent explosive growth.

When an executive leaves, the CEO should step in to run their department directly. This provides invaluable operational context for hiring a replacement and empowers the CEO to make necessary but difficult changes (org structure, personnel) that a new hire would hesitate to implement.

When Home Depot's culture began to erode due to a mindset that prioritized cost over people, the board's solution wasn't a new initiative, but a leadership change. Ken Langone credits the new CEO, Frank Blake, as a "founder" for his role in restoring the company's core cultural values.

Removing a founding CEO is an act of last resort for a board, described as being as risky as open heart surgery. It's so emotionally and operationally draining that it's often easier to just lose money. This extreme step is only taken when a founder's decisions threaten to bankrupt the company or their behavior creates systemic problems.

When TeamSupport lost a top 10 customer, CEO Grant Stanis told his PE board by taking full ownership, framing it as a one-off, and presenting a pre-prepared revenue recovery plan. The board responded positively, valuing transparency and proactive solutions over blame.

The dramatic shift in Fiserv's CEO approval rating on Glassdoor from a toxic 12% under the prior CEO to 71% under the new one is a powerful leading indicator. This rapid improvement in morale and culture suggests a business turnaround is underway, long before it will be reflected in financial reports.

Fiserv's turnaround is being driven by a massive influx of top-tier talent, led by legendary COO Takis Chakakopoulos from JPMorgan. He has attracted a wave of high-performers from JPMorgan and Stripe, an 'Avengers Assemble' moment that the market has largely missed.