Historically, marriage was a pragmatic institution for resource sharing, political alliances, and acquiring in-laws. The now-dominant concept of marrying for love and personal attraction is a relatively recent cultural development, primarily from the 18th and 19th centuries.
To counteract the "suffocation model," couples can strengthen their bond by not relying on it for every need. Building a diversified "social portfolio"—turning to different friends, family, and hobbies for various forms of emotional support and fulfillment—reduces pressure on the marriage and improves overall happiness.
A key expectation in modern relationships is the "Michelangelo effect," where individuals look to their partners to act as sculptors, helping to "unleash" the ideal, aspirational version of themselves. This dynamic shifts the focus of a relationship from mere companionship to active personal growth facilitation.
The strong cultural expectation in America to find a positive outcome from adversity (a "redemption story") can be harmful. This "master narrative" can pressure those experiencing trauma, like a severe illness, to invent a positive spin, leading to feelings of failure and isolation if they cannot.
Psychologist Eli Finkel's "suffocation model" suggests contemporary couples expect their partners to provide not just love, but also personal growth and self-actualization—needs once met by an entire community. This overload of expectations can damage a relationship if not met with sufficient investment of time and energy.
Contrary to common advice, high expectations aren't inherently bad for marriage. They create a bifurcation: couples who invest enough to meet these expectations achieve unprecedented levels of fulfillment, while those who can't are often unhappier than couples from past eras with lower expectations.
Relationship satisfaction can be improved with small cognitive shifts called "love hacks." These involve changing one's internal narrative rather than external realities, such as adopting a "growth mindset" about compatibility or reinterpreting a partner's negative behavior more charitably (e.g., as situational rather than characterological).
The meaning of an event is not fixed but is shaped by its narrative framing. As both the author and protagonist of our life stories, we can change an experience's impact by altering its "chapter breaks." Ending a story at a low point creates a negative narrative, while extending it to include later growth creates a redemptive one.