To compete with Chinese EV maker BYD, CEO Jim Farley concluded his existing team and processes were inadequate. He formed an independent group with new talent, separate IT systems, and a different philosophy to radically simplify vehicle design and manufacturing.

The goal for a majority-EV fleet is not viable with current technology. The material requirements for batteries and components are so vast that a US-only transition would consume every scrap of lithium, copper, graphite, and other key minerals produced globally, leaving none for any other country or industry.

While the loss of the tax credit will hurt sales short-term, it also removes the "government mandate" attack line used by politicians. This forces EVs to be judged as just another car, allowing them to compete on their own merits like lower operating costs and better performance.

Ford's CEO states the company's EV investment strategy is designed to be sustainable without consumer tax credits. The new universal platform's primary goal is to make an affordable EV that is profitable for Ford on its own merits, a crucial step for long-term market viability.

Despite devising a clever, IRS-approved leasing scheme to extend EV credits, both companies immediately abandoned the plan after a few senators threatened an investigation. This rapid reversal highlights the auto industry's extreme sensitivity to political pressure, even when legally in the clear.

While maintaining EVs as its long-term 'North Star,' GM is pragmatically adjusting to slowing EV adoption and regulatory shifts. CEO Mary Barra acknowledges the need to 'meet the customer where they are,' indicating that the profitable internal combustion engine (ICE) business is crucial for funding the transition and maintaining stability through market volatility.

The belief that consumers needed electric versions of familiar gas-guzzling trucks and SUVs led to EVs that were too big, heavy, and expensive. The market is now forcing a pullback from this strategy towards smaller, more efficient, and profitable designs.

Conceding that competitor BYD has a cost advantage from vertically integrated battery production, Ford's CEO revealed a counter-strategy: designing motors and gearboxes so efficient they require 30% less battery capacity to achieve the same range, thereby bypassing the core battery cost problem.

Unlike competitors creating isolated 'skunkworks' teams for EV development, GM pursues a steady, integrated approach. The company believes this avoids the 'ingestion risk' of bringing a radical project back into the main organization, allowing innovations in battery tech and architecture to scale more quickly and efficiently across its massive global portfolio.