When facing ambiguity, the best strategy is not to wait for perfect information but to engage in "sense-making." This involves taking small, strategic actions, gathering data from them, and progressively building an understanding of the situation, rather than being paralyzed by analysis.

When the final goal is unclear, an effective call to action directs the team toward preparatory tasks like building skills, checking systems, or improving agility. This approach channels employee anxiety into productive movement and gives them a sense of agency.

To create a sense of stability, leaders should resist making promises they can't keep. Instead, they should offer transparency into their decision-making process. This builds trust in the leader's judgment and calms anxiety, even when the final outcome is unknown.

Instead of waiting for a complete picture, courageous leaders take small, experimental actions to 'sense make' their way through ambiguity. This process, observed in emergency responders, involves acting, observing cues, and rapidly iterating. It is about learning by doing, not planning everything perfectly in advance.

In a crisis, the public knows no one has all the answers. Attempting to project absolute certainty backfires. A more effective strategy is "confident humility": transparently sharing information gaps and explaining that plans will evolve as new data emerges, which builds credibility.

In extreme uncertainty like a fire or nuclear incident, waiting for perfect information is impossible. Effective leaders take small, iterative actions to gather data and update their strategy in real-time. This approach of 'acting your way into knowing' is more effective than trying to know everything before acting.

Instead of giving a single point estimate, provide a forecast with a lower and upper bound. This approach communicates both what you know and what you don't. It reduces the risk of being perceived as "wrong" and invites others to share information that can help narrow the range.

When strategic direction is unclear due to leadership changes, waiting for clarity leads to stagnation. The better approach is to create a draft plan with the explicit understanding it may be discarded. This provides a starting point for new leadership and maintains team momentum, so long as you are psychologically prepared to pivot.

In times of strategic ambiguity, teams can become paralyzed. An effective director doesn't wait for perfect clarity from above. They step into the vacuum, interpret available signals, and create a clear line-of-sight connecting their team's work to broader business objectives, even if it's imperfect.