Activist Chanel Contos frames sexual violence with a simple but powerful formula: it happens when entitlement to another person's body outweighs empathy for them. For the most common type of perpetrator (the "entitled opportunist"), empathy is present but underdeveloped. This suggests cultural change and education can be highly effective prevention tools by strengthening empathy.

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The consistent pattern of men committing mass violence is rooted in biological evolution. Men are wired for aggression and physical confrontation, a trait historically selected for by women seeking protectors. This is a biological reality, not a surprising social anomaly.

Individuals who repeatedly select abusive partners are not consciously seeking pain. Instead, their subconscious is drawn to the familiar emotional dynamic of a traumatic childhood. Because an abusive parent was also a "love figure," this painful connection becomes a subconscious blueprint for adult relationships until the pattern is consciously broken.

When people are unwilling or unable to feel their own emotional pain, they often transform it into actions that cause pain to others. This applies to individuals lashing out and leaders giving their followers someone to hate.

The #MeToo movement's message to "not be pushy" was taken to heart by men who were already nervous and respectful, confirming their fears. Meanwhile, men who already disregarded boundaries continued to do so, widening the behavioral gap.

Forensic psychiatry classifies most rapists not as malicious sadists, but as "entitled opportunists." They have high social competence, prioritize their own gratification, and often don't realize they've committed assault. This highlights that prevention is possible through education on consent and empathy, as their actions stem from socialization, not inherent malice.

Beyond fight, flight, or freeze, "fawning" is a stress response where a victim acts overly nice or compliant to survive a dangerous situation. This unconscious strategy, often seen in sexual assault cases where a victim smiles or cooperates, is frequently misinterpreted as consent, leading to self-blame and flawed legal defenses.

This concept describes a psychological state where empathy is completely withdrawn from an "out-group." This allows individuals to justify and even celebrate violence against perceived enemies, seeing it not as murder but as a necessary and righteous act in service of their in-group.

From a young age, men are taught to see vulnerability as weakness. When faced with fear, a common coping mechanism is to transmute that emotion into rage, which is seen as a more acceptable expression of male strength.

The system of American patriarchy, which elevates dominance, is detrimental even to its primary beneficiaries. It forces men to sever their natural connectedness to others and deny their own vulnerability, leading to negative personal and societal outcomes.

Instead of judging a person's negative behavior, seek to understand their story. Actions are often rooted in past trauma or learned patterns. Understanding the "why" behind the behavior, as explored in Dr. Bruce Perry's book "What Happened to You?", is key to leading with empathy.