For projects requiring hundreds of millions, fundraising should be split into phases. The initial "pre-industrialization" phase, focused on proving technology, is suited for venture capital. Later phases for manufacturing and scaling should target project finance structures with debt/equity combinations and strategic partners.

The current fundraising environment is the most binary in recent memory. Startups with the "right" narrative—AI-native, elite incubator pedigree, explosive growth—get funded easily. Companies with solid but non-hype metrics, like classic SaaS growers, are finding it nearly impossible to raise capital. The middle market has vanished.

A powerful, low-effort fundraising tactic is to maintain two investor update lists: one for current investors with full transparency, and a "dream investor" list. BCC your dream list on polished, highlight-reel updates showcasing strong traction and momentum, creating inbound interest without a formal ask.

To win highly sought-after deals, growth investors must build relationships years in advance. This involves providing tangible help with hiring, customer introductions, and strategic advice, effectively acting as an investor long before deploying capital.

To maintain product focus and avoid the 'raising money game,' the founders of Cues established a separate trading company. They used the profits from this successful venture to self-fund their AI startup, enabling them to build patiently without being beholden to VC timelines or expectations.

For startups experiencing hyper-growth, the optimal strategy is to raise capital aggressively and frequently—even multiple times a year—regardless of current cash reserves. This builds a war chest, solidifies a high valuation based on momentum, and effectively starves less explosive competitors of investor attention and capital.

Instead of creating traditional pitch decks he wasn't skilled at, Perplexity's CEO successfully raised funds from prominent investors like Yann LeCun by simply sending a link to the product. This highlights that a compelling, working product can be the most effective fundraising tool.

Moving from a science-focused research phase to building physical technology demonstrators is critical. The sooner a deep tech company does this, the faster it uncovers new real-world challenges, creates tangible proof for investors and customers, and fosters a culture of building, not just researching.