To stop starving its population, China embraced capitalist ideas: leveraging self-interest, creating jobs, and allowing for income inequality. This paradoxical move by a communist regime serves as powerful evidence that capitalism is the most effective tool for pulling masses out of poverty.

Capitalism's fundamental mechanism isn't just supply and demand, but a system that incentivizes individuals to identify and solve the problems ('blocks') of others. This 'unblocking' process, repeated at scale, is the direct cause of societal progress and innovation.

Before 'The Wealth of Nations', Adam Smith wrote 'The Theory of Moral Sentiments'. His economic ideas were an extension of his psychological theory that morality and commerce stem from 'sympathy'—the ability to understand others' needs and wants. Free trade works because it's based on this mutual understanding, not centrally dictated rules.

Sir Ronald Cohen suggests that economic systems like communism fail because they suppress the natural human instinct to strive. The goal should not be to eliminate capitalism's encouragement of striving, but to evolve it by redirecting that powerful drive toward achieving both financial profit and positive societal impact.

Free market housing policies succeed because they align with the predictable human trait of selfishness. When regulations are removed, entrepreneurs build more housing to make a profit. This selfish profit motive directly serves the public good by increasing supply and lowering prices for everyone.

Business is a unique domain where you can pursue selfish goals (building a large, profitable company) and selfless ones at the same time. By building a successful company with ethical, people-first practices, you force competitors to adopt similar positive behaviors to compete, thereby improving the entire industry for everyone.

Adam Smith's economic philosophy is often miscast as purely self-interested. His book "The Theory of Moral Sentiments" argues that humans possess an innate "fellow feeling," or empathy, which drives altruistic behavior. This shows that self-interest and virtue are not mutually exclusive but overlapping components of human nature.

The foundation of capitalism is creating net new value where all parties benefit. A truer definition of "profit" is the maximization of human flourishing, which excludes value captured through fraud, coercion, or misinformation—actions that are closer to theft than genuine commerce.

Accepting that politicians act in their own self-interest is key. The goal of governance should be to structure systems where the only way for them to become personally wealthy is to create broad-based economic prosperity for the entire nation, thus harnessing selfishness for the public good.