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The 4-year slump in freight rates ended because a massive number of smaller carriers went out of business, reducing the supply of trucks. This supply-driven recovery created a new equilibrium, raising rates without a corresponding surge in consumer demand, a crucial distinction for economic analysis.
Soaring US freight costs are not just about fuel. A key contributing factor is a shrinking supply of truckers, which is partly due to stricter immigration enforcement affecting the availability of drivers crossing the border from Mexico. This labor shortage has helped push shipping rates to unprecedented levels.
In an effort to increase driver supply, major trucking companies supported deregulation that enabled 'CDL mills' to issue licenses with minimal training. This flooded the market, destroying their own pricing power and contributing to a 40% rise in fatal accidents.
Contrary to narratives about excess demand, the recent inflationary period was primarily driven by supply-side shocks from COVID-related disruptions. Evidence, such as the New York Fed's supply disruption index accurately predicting inflation's trajectory, supports this view over a purely demand-driven explanation.
The longest manufacturing recession on record (3 years of ISM below 50) is reversing. The combination of interest rate relief, 100% accelerated equipment depreciation, and reshoring trends is creating a powerful setup for capital-intensive industries to experience a significant boom.
The recent surge in US manufacturing isn't directly driven by the AI buildout. Instead, it's primarily a broad-based restocking cycle. Companies are replenishing inventories depleted by the "bullwhip effect" of COVID-era supply chain shocks, which is the true source of the current growth impulse.
Unlike retail sales figures distorted by inflation or credit, freight transaction volume directly reflects physical demand. This makes it a more reliable, real-time indicator of the goods economy's health, representing a 'moment of truth' in consumption.
The US commercial real estate recovery isn't from a post-pandemic return to office. It's a supply-side correction: new construction has plummeted while old buildings are demolished or converted, causing total office space to shrink for the first time in 25 years.
Despite political rhetoric about bringing manufacturing back to the US, real-time freight data shows a 30% year-over-year drop in the industrial segment. This suggests the opposite is occurring, signaling a deep recession in the nation's goods economy.
Even if a major supply disruption is resolved quickly, the system does not instantly recover. Delayed shipments and depleted inventories create a systemic "air pocket" that keeps prices elevated for several quarters as the complex supply chain slowly renormalizes, a crucial lag often overlooked in initial forecasts.
The economic regime has shifted from demand-driven problems (post-GFC) to supply-driven ones. This includes negative shocks like energy crises and positive ones like AI. These are fundamentally "engineering problems"—rewiring physical production and transport—which are much harder and slower to solve than boosting demand via policy.