The founder identified his unique advantage: established tax law partners were too career-invested to risk a startup, while pure tech founders lacked the deep domain knowledge. His position as a law professor provided the necessary expertise and a career structure (a sabbatical) that de-risked the initial leap into entrepreneurship.

Don't wait for a prototype to get traction. Hardware founders should first engage potential customers and demonstrate a profound understanding of their specific problems. This expertise builds the necessary trust for customers to commit, even before a physical product is ready.

Instead of rushing in, the founders spent over a decade preparing. Mike learned design at Ralph Lauren, and Alex learned finance on Wall Street. This patient, deliberate skill acquisition provided the foundation for their venture.

The most effective way to enter a niche is by first becoming the customer. Bodhi Gallo's marketing agency for home services succeeded because he first ran a dumpster company, learning the industry's language and pain points firsthand, giving him an authentic edge over competitors.

Dr. Vibha Jawa's career shows a powerful strategy: learning drug development fundamentals in large companies (Amgen, Merck) and applying them in nimble startups. This cycle across different environments accelerates learning and deepens expertise in a specialized field like immunogenicity.

While technical founders excel at finding an initial AI product wedge, domain-expert founders may be better positioned for long-term success. Their deep industry knowledge provides an intuitive roadmap for the company's "second act": expanding the product, aligning ecosystem incentives, and building defensibility beyond the initial tool.

For deep tech startups aiming for commercialization, validating market pull isn't a downstream activity—it's a prerequisite. Spending years in a lab without first identifying a specific customer group and the critical goal they are blocked from achieving is an enormous, avoidable risk.

Don't jump straight to building an MVP. The founders of unicorn Ada spent a full year working as customer support agents for other companies. This deep, immersive research allowed them to gain unique insights that competitors, who only had a surface-level idea, could never discover.

To break into a new field like climate tech, create value for the ecosystem before asking for a job or funding. Starting a newsletter forces deep learning, builds a network of experts who become sources, and establishes your credibility. This positions you as a knowledgeable insider rather than an outsider looking in.