Instead of selling software to traditional industries, a more defensible approach is to build vertically integrated companies. This involves acquiring or starting a business in a non-sexy industry (e.g., a law firm, hospital) and rebuilding its entire operational stack with AI at its core, something a pure software vendor cannot do.

Truly transformative healthcare companies often solve "boring" but fundamental problems. Instead of tackling surface-level symptoms (e.g., appointment booking), the best founders dig deep to fix the complex, underlying infrastructure issues of the healthcare system, creating a durable competitive moat.

Investors don't need deep domain expertise to vet opportunities in complex industries. By breaking a problem down to its fundamentals—such as worker safety, project costs, and labor shortages in construction—the value of a solution becomes self-evident, enabling confident investment decisions.

Startup With Coverage's innovation isn't just tech; it's a business model shift. By charging a flat service fee instead of commissions, they align incentives to find clients the best, most affordable insurance, unlike traditional brokers who profit from higher premiums.

CEO Vlad Tenev views prediction markets as a tool to disrupt massive industries like insurance. He highlights using weather markets to hedge against fire or hurricane risk, creating bespoke, competitive financial products that bypass the cumbersome, expensive traditional insurance brokerage process.

Contrary to the 'all-in' startup mantra, Mario Schlosser initially dedicated only 20% of his time to Oscar Health. This approach allowed him to explore the idea without immense pressure, letting it develop organically before he fully committed, demonstrating that a venture doesn't need 100% focus from day one to succeed.

ZocDoc's defensibility isn't just technology; it's the ever-deepening operational complexity of the U.S. healthcare system. CEO Oliver Karaz likens this to mapping England's coastline—the closer you look, the more intricate it gets, creating a massive, hard-to-replicate moat built on deep domain knowledge.

Unlike PE firms that flip companies, Bending Spoons acquires digital businesses to own permanently. Their model focuses on deep operational overhauls—rebuilding software, redesigning UI, and restructuring organizations—rather than making shallow management changes, creating long-term value through operational excellence.

Faced with complex U.S. regulations, Sure's founder went to South Africa. He leveraged its single-regulator system and his personal roots to land his first insurance partner. This validation then served as crucial social proof to sign the same company's U.S. division, de-risking a much larger market entry.