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In land-rich countries like Canada, the primary cause of soaring housing costs is not a lack of land, labor, or materials. Instead, government-imposed costs—including taxes, development fees, and slow, bureaucratic permitting processes—make up the vast majority of the price of a new home.
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Runaway costs in education, housing, and healthcare stem from government intervention. When the government promises to provide a service (e.g., student loans), it becomes a massive "buy-only" force with no price sensitivity, eliminating natural market forces and causing costs to balloon.
High home prices should not be interpreted as a sign of a healthy market. Instead, they indicate a system that is malfunctioning as designed, where artificial scarcity created by policy and corporate buying drives prices up. This reflects a structural failure, not robust economic demand.
Beyond zoning debates, the complexity and outdated requirements of building codes massively inflate construction costs. Drew Warshaw proposes a novel approach: auditing the building code itself to create a streamlined, model version that could strip 15% from project costs, making it a powerful tool for affordability.
Housing scarcity is a bottom-up cycle where homeowners' financial incentive is to protect their property value (NIMBYism). They then vote for politicians who enact restrictive building policies, turning personal financial interests into systemic regulatory bottlenecks.
The housing affordability crisis is primarily a supply issue, not a mortgage rate problem. Regulations, permits, and zoning delays significantly inflate construction costs and timelines, adding an average of $93,870 to the price of each new house.
The housing crisis is primarily a supply problem manufactured by regulation. National studies show that permits, fees, and zoning delays account for 25% of a single-family home's price and over 40% of an apartment's cost. Deregulation is the most direct path to solving the affordability crisis.
Homeowners and local governments block new development, creating artificial scarcity that drives up prices, similar to how luxury brands like LVMH restrict supply to increase value. This "LVMH-ing" of housing makes it unaffordable for younger generations and limits economic mobility.
While local policies like zoning are often blamed for housing crises, the problem's prevalence across vastly different economies and regulatory environments suggests it's a global phenomenon. This points to systemic drivers beyond local supply constraints, such as global capital flows into real estate.
The most effective solution to the housing crisis is to radically increase supply by removing restrictive zoning and permitting laws. Government interventions like subsidies often create market-distorting bubbles, whereas a free market allows builders to meet demand and naturally stabilize prices.
