While investor demand drives headlines, the jewelry sector—40-50% of total demand—is under immense pressure from high prices. While currently compensated for by investment inflows, a sudden, sharp drop in jewelry consumption could emerge as a significant and overlooked drag on gold prices if the rally continues.

The sustained rise in gold prices is primarily due to strategic, long-term buying by central banks, not short-term speculation. Goldman Sachs sees significant further upside potential, which is not yet priced in, from large private institutions like pension funds and sovereign wealth funds eventually adding gold as a strategic asset.

Raghuram Rajan explains that central banks are increasing gold reserves not just for diversification, but as a direct response to geopolitical risks like the seizure of Russian assets. This 'weaponization of payments' erodes trust in holding reserves in foreign currencies, making physically controlled gold more attractive as a neutral asset.

Unlike previous price rallies, the recent spike in gold has not prompted owners to sell their secondhand holdings. This indicates a fundamental shift in behavior: people are holding gold as a long-term store of value against currency debasement, not for short-term profit, signaling deep-seated distrust in government-issued money.

The recent gold rally was disconnected from institutional indicators like a falling dollar or rising break-evens. Instead, it was propelled by retail investors' fears of currency debasement, leading to meme-like behavior such as people lining up to get physical gold from vaults.

Global central banks are buying gold not just for diversification, but as a strategic hedge against geopolitical risks. The use of financial sanctions against nations like Russia has accelerated this trend, as countries seek assets outside the direct control of the US-dominated financial system.

The surge in gold's value isn't just about uncertainty; it's a direct signal that foreign central banks and major investors are losing confidence in U.S. treasuries as a safe asset. This shift threatens the global dominance of the U.S. dollar.

Unlike in 1971 when the U.S. unilaterally left the gold standard, today's rally is driven by foreign central banks losing confidence in the U.S. dollar. They are actively divesting from dollars into gold, indicating a systemic shift in the global monetary order, not just a U.S. policy change.

Unlike Bitcoin, which sells off during liquidity crunches, gold is being bid up by sovereign nations. This divergence reflects a strategic shift by central banks away from US Treasuries following the sanctioning of Russia's reserves, viewing gold as the only true safe haven asset.