Ambitious graduates shouldn't join the organization doing the most good in year one, but rather the one that best equips them with skills and networks. This builds "career capital" that prepares them to achieve far greater impact in years 10, 20, and 30 of their careers.

Citing innovation expert Clayton Christensen, ASU's president explains that true transformation in legacy sectors like education requires disrupting from the core, not the periphery. This involves creating a new, differentiated institutional model rather than simply replacing old components through 'creative destruction'.

When introducing a disruptive model, potential partners are hesitant to be the first adopter due to perceived risk. The strategy is to start with small, persistent efforts, normalizing the behavior until the advantages become undeniable. Innovation requires a patient strategy to overcome initial industry inertia.

The most effective way to spread a new idea is not through expert lectures but through peer inspiration. Kate Raworth found her model gained momentum when teachers showed other teachers how they used it, and mayors showed other mayors. This led her to create an action lab focused on unleashing peer-to-peer learning.

Bizzabo's founders, being new to the events industry, used their lack of preconceived notions to their advantage. They could question established norms and identify problems that insiders overlooked, leading to innovative solutions. This "beginner's mind" is a powerful disruptive tool.

Daryl Davis and Jeff Scoop stress they don't convert anyone. Instead, they introduce new perspectives or personal stories that create internal cognitive dissonance. This "seed" allows the person to feel they initiated the change themselves, making it genuine and lasting.

A sole creator, no matter how brilliant, will always have a limited impact. The key to exponential influence is to build an organization staffed with talented, well-compensated people. The true superpower is not just communication, but the ability to attract and retain talent that can scale the message far beyond what one person could ever achieve alone.

To lead in the age of AI, it's not enough to use new tools; you must intentionally disrupt your own effective habits. Force yourself to build, write, and communicate in new ways to truly understand the paradigm shift, even when your old methods still work well.

Formally trained experts are often constrained by the fear of reputational damage if they propose "crazy" ideas. An outsider or "hacker" without these credentials has the freedom to ask naive but fundamental questions that can challenge core assumptions and unlock new avenues of thinking.