When initiating companies, Greylock targets opportunities with validated market demand but significant execution challenges. They bet that elite founders can solve hard technical or go-to-market problems, which in turn creates a strong competitive moat in an established market.
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The firm's thesis focuses on a rare founder type: a technical expert who also deeply understands how new technologies shift human behavior. This avoids the common pitfall of building technology in search of a problem, leading to products with innate market pull.
Prelude Growth Partners' framework avoids investments with product, category, or brand risk. Instead, they focus on opportunities where the primary uncertainty is execution, as they believe they can actively help mitigate that risk post-investment. This clarifies the type of risk growth capital should take on.
Rather than competing in crowded auctions, elite private equity firms pursue a differentiated "executive new build" strategy. They partner with proven operators to build new companies from scratch to address a market need, creating proprietary deals that other firms cannot access.
Since startups lack infinite time and money, an investor's key diligence question is whether the team can learn and iterate fast enough to find a valuable solution before resources run out. This 'learning velocity' is more important than initial traction or a perfect starting plan.
Unlike SaaS startups focused on finding product-market fit (market risk), deep tech ventures tackle immense technical challenges. If they succeed, they enter massive, pre-existing trillion-dollar markets like energy or shipping where demand is virtually guaranteed, eliminating market risk entirely.
Contrary to seeking 'blue ocean' opportunities, founder Donald Spann's strategy is to enter markets that already have competition. This approach validates that the service is necessary and has existing demand, reducing market risk. Success then comes from superior execution and differentiation.
For deep tech startups aiming for commercialization, validating market pull isn't a downstream activity—it's a prerequisite. Spending years in a lab without first identifying a specific customer group and the critical goal they are blocked from achieving is an enormous, avoidable risk.
Promote IQ succeeded by targeting large retailers, a market other startups avoided due to its notoriously difficult and long sales cycle. They turned this pain point into a strategic advantage. By mastering the difficult sales process, they created a high barrier to entry that gave them time and space to dominate the category before competitors could catch up.
Drawing from Verkada's decision to build its own hardware, the strategy is to intentionally tackle difficult, foundational challenges early on. While this requires more upfront investment and delays initial traction, it creates an immense competitive barrier that latecomers will struggle to overcome.
