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Startups fail with PR when they adopt the incumbent's playbook of cozying up to media gatekeepers and spending heavily. As insurgents threatening the status quo, startups must use an asymmetric framework that leverages their unique assets: internet-nativity, conviction, and a network of believers.

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For companies that aren't yet household names, securing top-tier media coverage is incredibly difficult. A more effective PR strategy is to set internal expectations and focus on achieving a consistent presence in niche trade publications. This builds credibility with the most relevant audience and is a more achievable goal.

An effective PR strategy today isn't about pitching company announcements. Instead, it's about generating unique, original data that positions your company as an indispensable source for journalists. By providing valuable stats and insights, you build relationships and earn coverage that traditional pitches can't secure.

A successful startup often resembles a cult, requiring a leader who communicates their vision with unwavering, first-person conviction. Hiding the founder behind polished PR spokespeople is a mistake; it neuters the contagious belief required to recruit talent and build a movement against impossible odds.

Unlike established brands, startups lack an inherent audience and must fight for attention. Marketing that plays it safe will be ignored. Taking big creative risks—like Datarails making finance memes for CFOs—is necessary to break through the noise. A failed, risky campaign is better than a safe one that no one sees.

Modern communication for startups is more effective when decentralized. Like Bitcoin, which has no central comms officer, a startup's message should be spread through a network of ambassadors and influencers. This approach makes the message more resilient to attacks and more believable to new audiences.

For new companies with limited budgets, competing on ad spend is a losing game. A more effective strategy is a "guerrilla" approach: being physically present in the community, building direct relationships, and out-hustling competitors through high-effort engagement that larger, slower companies cannot easily replicate.

Small businesses can create compelling, newsworthy stories by identifying a common adversary, like a dominant competitor or a flawed industry practice. This "us vs. them" narrative provides journalists with the conflict and contrarian angle they seek, leading to significant earned media.

In the past, with few media channels, the goal was defensive message control. Today, with infinite platforms, the strategy is offensive. Founders should focus on being consistently interesting rather than fearing a single misstep, as they can always 'flood the zone' with new content to correct the narrative.

For startups competing against well-funded rivals, the key is not to outspend but to out-clarify. Rigorously defining who you are and why you are different creates a powerful brand affinity that money alone cannot buy, building a transactional business into a brand.

Major media outlets like The New York Times and Wired have shifted from adversarial to 'advocacy' journalism, pandering to a specific viewpoint. Founders should avoid them and instead invest in building a direct relationship with their audience through long-form podcasts and social media to control their own narrative.