The case of Netflix in 2016, with a P/E over 300, shows that high multiples can reflect a company strategically sacrificing short-term profits for global expansion. Instead of dismissing such stocks as expensive, investors should use second-order thinking to ask *why* the market is pricing in such high growth.

In the current AI boom, companies are raising subsequent funding rounds at the same high revenue multiples as previous ones, months apart. This is because growth rates aren't decelerating as expected, challenging the wisdom that valuation multiples must compress as revenue scales.

Acquiring smaller companies at a 5-6x EBITDA multiple and integrating them to reach a larger scale allows you to sell the combined entity at a 10-12x multiple. This multiple expansion is a powerful, often overlooked financial driver of M&A strategies, creating value almost overnight.

Investors value Skims at five times its annual sales, a multiple 2.5 times higher than Nike's. This premium reflects confidence in the brand's high growth, cultural relevance, and potential to dominate multiple categories beyond apparel, from loungewear to beauty.

Waymo's potential funding round at a valuation over $100 billion, despite estimated revenues of only $300-$350 million, signifies a market focused on long-term potential. Investors are betting on future market leadership and unit economics in the autonomous vehicle space, not current financial performance.

For a rising media company, securing an investment from an industry titan like former CNN CEO Jeff Zucker was a strategic move for market credibility. This validation signaled to partners and competitors that Front Office Sports was a legitimate player, accelerating their path to the top tier of the industry.

Companies like Tesla and Oracle achieve massive valuations not through profits, but by capturing the dominant market story, such as becoming an "AI company." Investors should analyze a company's ability to create and own the next compelling narrative.

To acquire a trade magazine, a marketing agency owner bypassed complex valuations. He calculated his own cost-per-subscriber for his newsletter, multiplied it by the size of the magazine's email list, and made an all-cash offer based on that simple, tangible metric.

A founder's credibility acts as a multiplier on the perceived value of their narrative. An entrepreneur like Elon Musk, with a track record of success, receives a "multiple expansion on trust," allowing their futuristic stories to attract capital at valuations and scales that a first-time founder could not achieve.