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Certain private asset funds, like non-traded closed-end funds and interval funds, are structured like 'roach motels' where money can easily go in but is extremely difficult to get out. This design serves the manager by providing permanent capital but creates significant liquidity risk for the investor.
To combat the misconception of easy access to cash, Goldman Sachs has internally banned the common industry term "semi-liquid" for its alternative funds. This linguistic shift is a deliberate risk management strategy to underscore that while these products have liquidity features, they are fundamentally illiquid and access to capital is never guaranteed.
Private credit is being sold to retail investors through products that appear liquid like stocks but are not. These "semi-liquid" funds have clauses allowing them to halt redemptions during market stress, trapping investor capital precisely when they want it most, creating a "run-on-the-bank" panic.
The term "semi-liquid" for private asset funds is misleading. Retail investor behavior is procyclical; during a downturn, redemption requests will surge simultaneously. This reveals the assets' true illiquidity, turning a perceived feature into a systemic risk.
Funds offer investors quarterly liquidity while holding illiquid, 5-7 year corporate loans. This duration mismatch creates the same mechanics as a bank run, without FDIC insurance. When redemption requests surge, funds are forced to sell long-term assets at fire-sale prices, triggering a potential collapse.
The structure of modern private credit vehicles, particularly non-traded BDCs, replicates a classic asset-liability mismatch by funding illiquid loans with potentially liquid investor capital. This fundamental flaw predictably leads to liquidity crunches during redemption waves, which can escalate into broader credit crises as forced selling begins.
Historically, investors demanded an "illiquidity premium" to compensate for the bug of being unable to sell. Now, firms market illiquidity as a feature that enforces discipline. In markets, you pay for features and get paid for bugs, implying this shift will lead to lower future returns for private assets.
The ultimate advantage in asset management, used by Warren Buffett and Bill Ackman, is 'permanent capital.' This structure, often a public company, prevents investors from withdrawing funds during market downturns. It eliminates the existential risk of forced selling that plagues traditional hedge funds.
Unlike liquid public market ETFs, new retail VC products have limitations on cashing out. AngelList's USVC targets a 5% quarterly redemption, but if they cannot meet it, investors are stuck, mirroring the illiquid nature of traditional venture capital.
The firm intentionally structures its private debt funds for institutional investors without redemption options. They view offering liquidity on an inherently illiquid asset as a risky asset-liability mismatch, questioning competitors who promise an "illiquidity premium without the illiquidity."
While competitors rush to offer semi-liquid private equity funds to wealth clients, Apollo has deliberately abstained. They believe the illiquid nature of PE assets creates a profound liquidity mismatch with redemption features, risking a poor client experience in a prolonged downturn.