New York's high municipal spending relies on taxing a robust financial sector. As finance jobs decline and are replaced by lower-paid roles in sectors like healthcare, the city's tax base is eroding. This is compounded by a nearly 10% drop in real wages since the pandemic, threatening the city's governing model.

While outright fraud in government spending is low (under 1%), Buttigieg argues the real financial drain is waste from inefficiency. He points to project cost escalations and procedural roadblocks as far more significant sources of wasted taxpayer money than criminal fraud.

Moses pioneered using independent authorities to issue bonds for infrastructure, sequestering revenue streams like tolls away from the city's general fund. This model starved public transit and other services, creating a structural vulnerability that contributed significantly to the 1970s fiscal crisis long after he was gone.

Runaway costs in education, housing, and healthcare stem from government intervention. When the government promises to provide a service (e.g., student loans), it becomes a massive "buy-only" force with no price sensitivity, eliminating natural market forces and causing costs to balloon.

Arguing to redirect inefficient government spending towards populist policies like free buses is a trap. It doubles down on a broken system by replacing one form of poor allocation with another, ultimately accelerating economic decline rather than fixing the fundamental problems.

While New York has successfully become a secondary hub for the tech industry, this growth is not a panacea for its economic woes. The tech sector is smaller than the financial industry it's partially replacing and faces the same constraints, such as the extraordinary cost of housing and childcare, that are driving talent and wealth away.

The New York State Unclaimed Fund holds $20 billion of citizens' money—a figure that has nearly tripled in 18 years. Candidate Drew Warshaw frames this growth not as a large asset, but as a key performance indicator of the comptroller's failure to proactively return money to its rightful owners.

When a service like public transit is made free, it removes the financial incentives for efficiency and innovation. Without the pressure to compete for customers, bureaucracies swell, quality degrades, and problems like safety issues increase, ultimately making the service worse for its intended beneficiaries.

Unlike private enterprises, government-run entities are inherently inefficient. They lack the two fundamental drivers of improvement: market-based price signals and direct competition, which remove any incentive to innovate or improve.