RemieDog founder Paul Vizzio was quoted $15,000 for a die-cast tool by his general suppliers. By finding a factory that specialized in small, niche die-cast components, he reduced the tooling cost to just $700, making the project financially viable.

For field trials, Rainbird creates 'production intent' parts using 'soft tooling'—cheaper, lower-volume molds made from softer steel. Unlike 3D prints, these parts have the same manufacturing limitations as the final product, providing far more realistic feedback on form, fit, and durability before investing in expensive production molds.

Founder Paul Vizzio initially optimized a CNC-machined part from $45 to $25. To hit a consumer price point, he redesigned it for die casting and found a specialized supplier, dropping the cost to ~$2.50. This enabled a viable business model.

To cut the cost of his initial CNC prototype, Paul Vizzio shrunk its length. This allowed the manufacturer to machine a key through-hole in a single pass from one side, eliminating a costly secondary setup and reducing overall machine time.

For early R&D, don't waste time designing custom components in CAD. Instead, buy existing products, tear them apart, and reuse their mechanisms. A simple tape measure can serve as a constant force spring, saving hours or days of design work and getting to a proof-of-concept faster.

A key lesson from SpaceX is its aggressive design philosophy of questioning every requirement to delete parts and processes. Every component removed also removes a potential failure mode, simplifies the system, and speeds up assembly. This simple but powerful principle is core to building reliable and efficient hardware.

The default instinct is to solve problems by adding features and complexity. A more effective design process is to envision an ideal, complex solution and then systematically subtract elements, simplify components, and replace custom parts. This leads to more elegant, robust, and manufacturable products.

Zipline's 50% cost reduction for its next-gen aircraft wasn't just from supply chain optimization. The primary driver was a design philosophy focused on eliminating components entirely ("the best part is no part"), which also improves reliability.

Anduril prototypes drone frames by milling them from solid metal blocks. While extremely wasteful and expensive for mass production, this method bypasses the slow and costly process of creating molds for casting, drastically reducing latency during the critical iterative design phase and getting products to market faster.