To attract innovation, the DoD is shifting its procurement process. Instead of issuing rigid, 300-page requirement documents that favor incumbents, it now defines a problem and asks companies to propose their own novel solutions.

Bret Taylor's firm, Sierra, is pioneering an "outcomes-based pricing" model for its AI agents. Instead of charging for software usage, they only charge clients when the AI successfully resolves a customer's problem without human escalation. This aligns vendor incentives with tangible business results like problem resolution and customer satisfaction.

Unlike traditional contractors paid for hours, Anduril invests its own capital to build products it believes the government needs. This model incentivizes speed and effectiveness, as profit is tied to successful products, not billable hours. This shifts the financial risk from the taxpayer to the company.

Unlike traditional contractors paid for time and materials, Anduril invests its own capital to develop products first. This 'defense product company' model aligns incentives with the government's need for speed and effectiveness, as profits are tied to rapid, successful delivery, not prolonged development cycles.

Anduril advocates for performance-based contracts, a controversial model in government where payment is contingent on the product working. This forces internal accountability and aligns their interests with the customer's, contrasting with traditional cost-plus models that place all risk on the government.

The Department of Defense excels at creating technology but struggles to implement it. To solve this, the Navy created an "Innovation Adoption Kit" (IAK) to provide standard tools and a common language, enabling faster, more effective adoption of new capabilities by warfighters and program managers.

In government, digital services are often viewed as IT projects delivered by contractors. A CPO's primary challenge is instilling a culture of product thinking: focusing on customer value, business outcomes, user research, and KPIs, often starting from a point of zero.

In the age of AI, software is shifting from a tool that assists humans to an agent that completes tasks. The pricing model should reflect this. Instead of a subscription for access (a license), charge for the value created when the AI successfully achieves a business outcome.

While flexible Other Transaction Authority (OTA) contracts open doors for startups, they create revenue uncertainty that worries venture capitalists. The Navy CTO's perspective is clear: the goal is to keep companies competitive. The best performer gets rewarded, creating an inherent tension with the VC model that prizes predictable, long-term revenue.