The ability to label a deepfake as 'fake' doesn't solve the problem. The greater danger is 'frequency bias,' where repeated exposure to a false message forms a strong mental association, making the idea stick even when it's consciously rejected as untrue.

The arrest of Nima Momeni, a tech professional known to Bob Lee, completely contradicted the dominant narrative of a random street crime. However, the initial, incorrect story shaped global perceptions of San Francisco, highlighting that facts struggle to undo the damage of viral misinformation.

The famous story of Kitty Genovese, a cornerstone for explaining the "bystander effect," was based on flawed and exaggerated reporting by The New York Times, which later acknowledged its errors. While the psychological phenomenon is real, its foundational example is a media-fueled myth.

During the GameStop saga, Robinhood's factual explanation of a risk management decision was drowned out by the more compelling, false narrative of hedge fund collusion. This shows that in a crisis, a captivating story, true or not, will always beat dry facts in the court of public opinion.

When media outlets collectively push a single narrative, it becomes consensus reality. If the story is later proven false, they retract it in unison. This "school of fish" behavior provides safety in numbers, making it impossible to hold any single journalist or outlet accountable for being wrong.

In an era of constant surveillance, the public's standard of proof has shifted. Neuroscientist Andrew Huberman argues that incidents captured on video have conditioned society to demand visual evidence. Mere accusations or reports are now treated as chatter until a definitive video emerges, raising the bar for what is considered truth.

Michael Shermer suggests that when people latch onto misinformation, it's less about the event's specifics and more a manifestation of a pre-existing tribal belief. The false story simply reinforces a general sentiment, like "I don't trust that group," making the specific facts irrelevant.

Lacking facts, influential commentators compared Bob Lee's murder to the unrelated Brianna Kupfer case, speculating it was a random attack by a "psychotic homeless person." This false equivalence, presented as likely, fueled a misleading narrative before any suspect was identified.

Propaganda is effective because it leverages a cognitive bias called the "availability heuristic." By repeating a phrase like "weapons of mass destruction," it becomes the most easily recalled information, causing people—even highly educated ones—to subconsciously accept it as true, regardless of countervailing evidence.