To navigate extreme uncertainty like unpredictable tariffs, Walmart's buyers use tangible, seasonal purchasing decisions (e.g., Halloween costumes) as a framework. They run detailed "what-if" scenarios on pricing, sourcing, and consumer behavior to make concrete decisions despite ambiguity.

Avoid a fixed allocation of resources between core products and new initiatives. Instead, treat the investment mix as "seasonal." Periodically and purposefully reassess the balance based on the most pressing business needs—whether it's stabilizing the core for large customers or pushing aggressively into new markets for growth.

When testing a new, potentially higher-value customer segment, the single most important data point to validate is revenue retention. Focus initial efforts on confirming that new customers reorder quickly, as this proves the long-term viability and stacking revenue model of the new market.

The tension between growth and profitability is best resolved by understanding your product's "runway" (be it 6 months or 6 years). This single piece of information, often misaligned between teams and leadership, should dictate your strategic focus. The key task is to uncover this true runway.

After a costly mistake left him with thousands of extra units, Solgaard's founder learned a key inventory lesson. He advises founders to avoid overly optimistic forecasting and go lean on inventory. Being slightly back-ordered is a better financial position than being overstocked with capital tied up in unsold goods.

Lindsay Carter's most impactful early decision was placing a second purchase order before knowing if the first would succeed. This high-risk move ensured that once the initial inventory sold out, new product was arriving to keep the momentum going. In a hype-driven market, waiting for sales data can mean losing customer attention.

In a rapidly evolving field like AI, long-term planning is futile as "what you knew three months ago isn't true right now." Maintain agility by focusing on short-term, customer-driven milestones and avoid roadmaps that extend beyond a single quarter.

Comfort strategically adjusts prices based on stock availability, not just demand. For fast-selling items, they increase the price to slow sales velocity, ensuring they stay in stock longer and avoid disappointing customers. This prioritizes long-term stability over short-term sales volume.

With thousands of potential buying signals available, focus is critical. To prioritize, evaluate each signal against two vectors: the expected volume (e.g., how many website visits) and the hypothesized conversion rate to the next funnel stage. This framework allows you to stack rank opportunities and test the highest-potential signals first.