To persuade a mission-driven organization to embrace radical change, leaders must first clearly articulate what will remain constant. By anchoring the transformation to the enduring mission of "original, independent, reported journalism," it gives employees the emotional buy-in to join the journey.

To get buy-in for NYT's transformation, A.G. Sulzberger was advised that logic gets you 90% of the way; the final 10% requires addressing emotional blockers. He systematically met with all 1,300 newsroom employees to hear and answer their specific fears, not just present data.

Tasked with digital innovation, A.G. Sulzberger applied his reporting skills internally. He interviewed employees, sought dissent, and identified patterns. This revealed the core problem wasn't a lack of ideas, but a culture that actively suppressed digital talent and innovation.

To transition their struggling magazine, the new owners of Campaigns & Elections immediately killed the print edition. This "burn the lifeboats" strategy created immense pressure and laser-like focus, forcing the team to innovate digitally without the safety net of a declining legacy product.

Contrary to the belief that costly journalism is subsidized by lifestyle products, the NYT CEO asserts that hardcore news is the most economically value-creating part of the business because it generates a massive audience and brand authority.

Freakonomics' Stephen Dubner argues the NYT has evolved from a paper that presented new information into one that curates a few key topics daily and prescribes a specific viewpoint on them, a change he finds less valuable as a reader.

The CEO of AT&T, a 40-year veteran, argues that an insider who understands the company's DNA can be more effective at evolving its culture than an external disruptor. This challenges the common belief that transformational change requires bringing in a complete outsider.

Andrew Ross Sorkin launched the Dealbook email newsletter in 2001 not as a grand innovation, but as a defensive tool to bypass the physical paper and reach Wall Street professionals who preferred the Wall Street Journal. It was an internal disruption designed to capture a key audience the main product was missing.

The New York Times competes for talent not on salary, but on the promise of doing the "most impactful work of your career." It provides an unmatched ecosystem of editors, lawyers, and security that enables ambitious, risky journalism that individual creators on Substack cannot undertake alone.