After a large, debt-funded acquisition, deleveraging should be the top priority over share buybacks. Choosing buybacks sends a mixed signal, disappoints investors expecting a return to the growth playbook, and leaves the company too financially constrained to pursue future strategic M&A opportunities.

The best time to raise money is when your company doesn't desperately need it. Approaching investors from a position of strength gives you leverage. If you wait until you're desperate, you will be forced to accept expensive, highly dilutive capital.

Some highly successful lean companies raise significant capital not for operational expenses, but to build a 'fortress balance sheet.' This provides strategic leverage and defensibility while they maintain the scrappy, customer-focused ethos that made them successful.

A debt-free balance sheet gives portfolio companies the "freedom" and "simplicity" to make the right long-term strategic decisions. It shifts management focus from short-term survival tactics, like making interest payments, to sustainable investments in people, culture, and building a resilient business.

Companies with highly inflated stock prices can leverage their valuation to fundamentally improve their business. By issuing new equity or making all-stock acquisitions, they can fix weak balance sheets and expand, creating a feedback loop where market perception directly strengthens financial reality.

The market penalizes even stable, cash-generative businesses for high leverage (e.g., >3.5x debt/EBITDA). This creates a "distress multiple," as investors price in tail risk from events like interest rate spikes. Deleveraging is critical to remove this discount and achieve multiple expansion.

Financing discussions should carry the same strategic weight as M&A talks. Philip Ross argues the cost of capital from selling stock is often theoretically higher than from selling the entire company. This reframes the decision to dilute ownership for funding as a pivotal choice that boards and management teams should not take lightly.

In a potential recession, highly levered companies like Global Payments and Shift4 (3.5x net debt/EBITDA) make a mistake prioritizing buybacks. Fiserv's new strategy of pausing buybacks to deleverage is more responsible, as de-risking the balance sheet can increase equity value.

Jeff Aronson reframes "distressed-for-control" as a private equity strategy, not a credit one. While a traditional LBO uses leverage to acquire a company, a distressed-for-control transaction achieves the same end—ownership—by deleveraging the company through a debt-to-equity conversion. The mechanism differs, but the outcome is identical.