A founder's real boss is their customer base. While keeping a board happy is important, some CEOs become so consumed with managing up that they lose sight of the product and customer needs, ultimately driving the company off a cliff despite running perfect board meetings.

When facing a significant customer service issue with a brand you care about, bypass standard channels and email the founder or CEO. Frame your feedback constructively. High-level leaders are often disconnected from front-line issues and appreciate direct, actionable feedback, leading to white-glove service and a faster, more favorable resolution.

Perplexity's CEO, Aravind Srinivas, translated a core principle from his PhD—that every claim needs a citation—into a key product feature. By forcing AI-generated answers to reference authoritative sources, Perplexity built trust and differentiated itself from other AI models.

A founder is never truly without a boss. If not shareholders or a board, the customers ultimately dictate the company's direction and success. This mindset ensures a customer-centric approach regardless of ownership structure, keeping the business grounded and responsive to market needs.

Effective leadership in a fast-moving space requires abandoning the traditional org chart. The CEO must engage directly with those closest to the work—engineers writing code and salespeople talking to customers—to access unfiltered "ground truth" and make better decisions, a lesson learned from Elon Musk's hands-on approach.

Most engineers only interact with customers during negative events like outages or escalations. To build customer empathy and a product mindset, leaders must intentionally create positive touchpoints. This includes sending engineers to customer conferences or including them on low-stakes customer calls.

It's not enough for platform PMs to interview their direct users (developers). To build truly enabling platforms, you must also gain wider context by sitting in on the developers' own customer interviews. This provides deep empathy for the entire value chain, leading to better platform decisions.

The GM of Spiral felt demotivated and his product stagnated because he didn't personally use it or believe in its vision. The breakthrough came when he pivoted to solve a problem he genuinely cared about—making AI a tool for better thinking, not just faster content production.