Psychologist Thomas Curran traces his own perfectionism to feelings of inadequacy from his working-class youth. This drive to be flawless is less about achievement and more about “buying your way out of shame” and proving one's worth to overcome feelings of inferiority.

Successful individuals and companies don't experience more fortunate events. Instead, they excel at capitalizing on positive serendipity and navigating negative shocks. The narrative of "luck" is often a psychological crutch for those unwilling to take responsibility for their reactions to life's inherent volatility.

The personality trait that drives outlier entrepreneurial success isn't mere ambition, but a "tortured" state of mind. These individuals feel a constant, painful inadequacy that compels them to achieve extraordinary things. This drive often comes at the expense of their personal well-being, family life, and mental health.

The core issue behind America's economic and educational struggles is a cultural shift away from valuing ambition, hard work, and the pursuit of excellence. Society no longer shames mediocrity or celebrates the relentless pursuit of goals, creating a population unprepared to compete on a global stage.

The concept of being "self-made" is a fallacy that promotes isolating individualism. According to author Alyssa Quart, it causes successful people to deny their support systems and leads those struggling to internalize self-blame, ignoring the systemic factors that shape their circumstances.

Perfectionists believe achievement will solve their core feeling of unworthiness, but it's a fantasy. Success provides fleeting relief at best and is often dismissed, while failure powerfully confirms their deepest fears of inadequacy. This creates a self-perpetuating cycle where the only possible outcomes are neutral or negative.

The narrative that vast tech fortunes are built on individual grit alone ignores the critical role of luck, timing, and systemic tailwinds. Recognizing fortune is key to humility and social responsibility, contrasting with the "obnoxious" belief of being purely self-made and entitled to the winnings.

The perfectionist mindset is so entrenched that it can re-interpret clear victories as evidence of failure. Achieving a top grade, for example, is seen not as a success but as proof of inadequacy because of the effort required. The goalposts constantly shift to protect the core belief of being flawed.

Beyond the desire for success, the intense fear of embarrassment and public failure can be an incredibly potent motivator. For high-profile individuals, the social cost of failure is so high that it creates a forcing function to succeed at all costs.