When an executive leaves, the CEO should step in to run their department directly. This provides invaluable operational context for hiring a replacement and empowers the CEO to make necessary but difficult changes (org structure, personnel) that a new hire would hesitate to implement.

In high-growth environments, constant reorganization is inevitable and should be treated as a strategic tool for growth. Instead of fearing reorgs, leaders should anticipate future needs, hire for roles that will be critical in 1-2 years, and build a culture that expects and adapts to structural change.

FanDuel CEO Amy Howe adopted this McKinsey principle, which requires even junior employees to voice contrary opinions. This creates an environment where diverse perspectives are heard, ultimately leading to more robust and well-vetted company decisions.

CPO Jessica Hall admits to changing her 750-person team structure multiple times. She views org design as solving for the current problem, not finding a perfect, permanent solution. This adaptability is key to maintaining effectiveness as the business and its challenges evolve.

To manage change, segment your team into three groups: enthusiasts who embrace it, skeptics who need convincing, and resistors who must be replaced. This allows for a targeted approach to cultural transformation instead of a one-size-fits-all strategy.

When facing emotionally difficult decisions like firings or reorgs, it's tempting to optimize for making people happy. The correct mantra is 'serve the business, not the people.' A successful business ultimately benefits everyone involved. This principle provides clarity and helps you make the right, albeit painful, call.

The CMO transitioned from a hands-on "doer" to a strategic leader not gradually, but through a pivotal team reorganization. This structural change reassigned ownership and forced him to empower his directors, shifting his own focus from execution to shaping and inquiring.

Frequent organizational change, such as reorgs, serves as a natural filter. People who are uncomfortable with flux will self-select out, leaving a team that is more adaptable and aligned with a fast-moving company's needs.

Counteract the tendency for the highest-paid person's opinion (HIPPO) to dominate decisions. Position all stakeholder ideas, regardless of seniority, as valid hypotheses to be tested. This makes objective data, not job titles, the ultimate arbiter for website changes, fostering a more effective culture.