A board member's role is to provide outside perspective to help a CEO think through a problem, not to make the decision. CEOs who ask 'what should we do?' risk abdicating responsibility to someone who lacks the deep operational context to make the right call. This can be destructive to a CEO's development.

To combat analysis paralysis and the tendency to simply 'admire a problem,' Jamie Dimon asks his team what they would do if they were 'king for a day.' This question forces a concrete recommendation, cutting through discussion and making it 'crippling' for those unable to form a decisive view.

Jamie Dimon uses travel and site visits as a primary tool for uncovering operational flaws. He returns with a detailed list of questions and required actions, creating a relentless feedback loop that forces accountability and prevents complacency among senior leaders.

As leaders rise, direct reports are less likely to provide challenging feedback, creating an executive bubble. To get unfiltered information, leaders should schedule regular one-on-ones with employees several levels down the org chart with the express purpose of listening, not dictating.

A modern best practice for public company boards is the "board buddy" system. Each executive is paired with a board member who has relevant expertise, meeting monthly outside of formal meetings. This creates a judgment-free zone for mentorship and gives the board deeper insight into the executive team.

To avoid influencing their team's feedback, leaders should adopt the practice of being the last person to share their opinion. This creates a psychologically safe environment where ideas are judged on merit, not on alignment with the leader's preconceived notions, often making the best decision obvious.

To prevent arrogance, Jamie Dimon structures his management meetings around what competitors are doing better, even in areas where JPMorgan is the market leader. He cites specific examples like Stripe or being #7 in a smaller market to force a culture of continuous improvement.

A key leadership trait of GM CEO Mary Barra is her practice of making herself "not the center of attention" in meetings. This intentional act brings out more voices and creates a more collaborative, less hierarchical environment where a wider range of ideas can be shared.

A top-performing CEO adapted the board practice of an "executive session." He periodically removes himself from his own leadership meetings and asks an HR leader to gather candid feedback on his performance. This powerfully models vulnerability and a commitment to continuous improvement for the entire organization.