DBS created a cultural tool called a "WRECKOON" (Wreck-Raccoon). It empowers any employee, regardless of seniority, to formally "raccoon" (i.e., critique or tear down) a senior leader's idea in a meeting. This system fosters psychological safety and makes challenging authority a formal part of the process.

To transform team dynamics, leaders should intentionally ask questions that invite challenges and alternative viewpoints. Simple prompts like 'What might we be missing here?' or 'Does anyone have a different point of view?' create psychological safety and signal that all contributions are valued.

At Founders Fund, intense, even loud, disagreements during investment committees are not a sign of a toxic culture, but rather one of deep psychological safety. The partners have such secure relationships that they can engage in "no holds barred, complete truth-seeking" without fear of political repercussions, similar to arguing with a sibling.

A common misconception is that psychological safety means being comfortable and polite. In reality, it's the capacity to have necessary, difficult conversations—challenging ideas or giving honest feedback—that allows a team to flourish. A culture that feels too polite is likely not psychologically safe.

A common misconception is that psychological safety means avoiding confrontation. True psychological safety creates an environment where team members feel secure enough to engage in productive debate and challenge ideas without fear of personal reprisal, leading to better decisions.

To avoid influencing their team's feedback, leaders should adopt the practice of being the last person to share their opinion. This creates a psychologically safe environment where ideas are judged on merit, not on alignment with the leader's preconceived notions, often making the best decision obvious.

Citing a story where Martin Luther King Jr. reprimanded an advisor for not challenging him enough, the insight is that top leaders must actively cultivate dissent. They must create an environment where their team feels obligated to point out when an idea is "crazy" to prevent the organization from making catastrophic errors.

To prevent resentment in high-pressure teams, implement a scheduled forum for fearless feedback, like a "Sunday SmackDown." This creates a predictable, safe container for airing grievances—personal or professional. By separating critique from daily operations, it allows team members to be open and constructive without the awkwardness or fear of disrupting morale, thereby preventing small issues from escalating.

To get truthful feedback, leaders should criticize their own ideas first. By openly pointing out a flaw in their plan (the "ugly baby"), they signal that criticism is safe and desired, preventing subordinates from just offering praise out of fear or deference.