While society now worries about distraction (ADHD), the 19th century’s concern was “monomania”—an obsessive, machine-like focus on a single task demanded by industrial capitalism. This shows that anxieties about attention are shaped by the economic structures of the era.

Related Insights

Accepting the narrative that attention spans are shrinking is dangerous. It can lead educators and creators to give up on encouraging deep, focused tasks like reading long novels, thereby causing the very outcome they fear by lowering their expectations and standards.

Many professionals boast about working long hours, but this time is often filled with distractions and low-impact tasks. The focus should be on eliminating "whack hours"—unproductive time spent doom-scrolling or in pointless meetings—and working with deep focus when you're on the clock.

Critics lament declining focus, yet popular video games like Baldur's Gate 3 demand 75+ hours of intense concentration. This is over five times longer than Wagner's entire Ring Cycle opera, a historical benchmark for sustained cultural attention, quantitatively refuting the attention decline narrative.

The same technologies accused of shortening attention spans are also creating highly obsessive micro-tribes and fandoms. This contradicts the narrative of a universal decline in focus, suggesting a shift in what we pay attention to, not an inability to focus.

The concept of a universal "attention span" is a myth. How long we focus depends on our motivation for a specific task, not a finite mental capacity that gets depleted. This reframes poor attention from an innate inability to a lack of interest or desire.

Humans can endure immense suffering, misery, and ugliness, but find boredom intolerable. This powerful aversion is an underestimated catalyst for major historical events, social movements, and even revolutions, as people seek excitement and a sense of purpose over monotony.

Unprecedented global prosperity creates a vacuum of real adversity, leading people to invent anxieties and fixate on trivial problems. Lacking the perspective from genuine struggle, many complain about first-world issues while ignoring their immense privilege, leading to a state where things are 'so good, it's bad.'

Many activities we use for breaks, such as watching a tense sports match or scrolling the internet, are 'harshly fascinating.' They capture our attention aggressively and can leave us feeling more irritated or fatigued. This contrasts with truly restorative, 'softly fascinating' activities like a walk in nature.

Modern capitalism profitably hacks primitive human drives (e.g., junk food, social media), redirecting them away from natural behaviors like reproduction. This cultural trajectory could be an evolutionary dead-end, where the system selects against its own continuation by fostering sterility, paving the way for its replacement by a different culture.

Long novels, now the gold standard for deep focus, were once considered dangerous “junk food” that distracted people from prayer and duty. This historical pattern suggests our current panic over digital media may be similarly shortsighted and lacking perspective.