For most of history, gold was simply money and offered minimal real returns (~0.4%). Since the global move to a fiat system in 1971, where currency is backed by nothing, gold has performed exceptionally well as an alternative to paper money.
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The sustained rise in gold prices is primarily due to strategic, long-term buying by central banks, not short-term speculation. Goldman Sachs sees significant further upside potential, which is not yet priced in, from large private institutions like pension funds and sovereign wealth funds eventually adding gold as a strategic asset.
Unlike previous price rallies, the recent spike in gold has not prompted owners to sell their secondhand holdings. This indicates a fundamental shift in behavior: people are holding gold as a long-term store of value against currency debasement, not for short-term profit, signaling deep-seated distrust in government-issued money.
Gold's price is rising alongside risk assets and falling during stress events, a reversal of its historical role. This behavior mirrors speculative assets like Bitcoin, suggesting its recent rally is driven by momentum and bandwagon effects, not a fundamental flight from fiat currency debasement.
Gold's historic link to US real yields broke after the US froze Russian reserves. This forced global central banks to reassess risk and buy gold regardless of price, creating a powerful new source of demand and structurally altering the market, a change now being followed by sovereign wealth funds.
A market regime shift has occurred. While money printing used to primarily boost stocks and bonds, Marc Faber argues it now causes "sound currencies" like gold and silver to rise even faster, signaling a growing loss of confidence in the purchasing power of fiat currencies.
The recent surge in gold prices is more than an inflation hedge. It's a leading indicator of a fundamental breakdown in the global monetary system, anticipating a future with restricted capital movement and increased government intervention in savings, making gold a key strategic asset.
Unlike in 1971 when the U.S. unilaterally left the gold standard, today's rally is driven by foreign central banks losing confidence in the U.S. dollar. They are actively divesting from dollars into gold, indicating a systemic shift in the global monetary order, not just a U.S. policy change.
Unlike Bitcoin, which sells off during liquidity crunches, gold is being bid up by sovereign nations. This divergence reflects a strategic shift by central banks away from US Treasuries following the sanctioning of Russia's reserves, viewing gold as the only true safe haven asset.
Gold is a low-returning asset, similar to cash. Its primary value in a portfolio is not appreciation but diversification. During periods of stagflation or debt crises when other assets like stocks and bonds perform poorly, gold tends to do very well, stabilizing the portfolio.
Investors often prefer interest-bearing cash or bonds over non-yielding gold. Dalio calls this a "trap." This works until the government's promise to redeem the currency is broken (like the US leaving the gold standard), revealing the hidden credit risk of fiat money.