During due diligence, it's crucial to look beyond returns. Top allocators analyze a manager's decision-making process, not just the outcome. They penalize managers who were “right for the wrong reasons” (luck) and give credit to those who were “wrong for the right reasons” (good process, bad luck).

To avoid confirmation bias and make disciplined capital allocation decisions, investors should treat every follow-on opportunity in a portfolio company as if it were a brand-new deal. This involves a full 're-underwriting' process, assessing the current state and future potential without prejudice from past involvement.

Company investor relations teams want stable, long-term shareholders. Funds known for 5-10 year holding periods become preferred partners for management, providing deeper insights and a research edge unavailable to short-term hedge funds or index funds.

The firm CPC focuses its portfolio companies on mastering five core areas: people, systems, execution, product leadership, and customer intimacy. They believe strong financial results are an inevitable byproduct of winning these battles, not the primary goal itself. This operational focus dictates their capital allocation.

The ultimate differentiator for CEOs over decades isn't just product, but their skill as a capital allocator. Once a company generates cash, the CEO's job shifts to investing it wisely through M&A, R&D, and buybacks, a skill few are trained for but the best master.

According to Terry Smith's own team, the single best indicator to sell a stock is when he becomes personally frustrated with management. He cites selling PayPal after its CEO expressed dismay over the war in Ukraine during a meeting, signaling a critical lack of focus on the company's deteriorating fundamentals.

The true differentiator for top-tier companies isn't their ability to attract investors, but how efficiently they convert invested capital into high-margin, high-growth revenue. This 'capital efficiency' is the key metric Karmel Capital uses to identify elite performers among a universe of well-funded businesses.

Serial acquirer Brad Jacobs boils down his complex business strategy to two core objectives: growing organic revenue faster than the market and continuously expanding profit margins. Every decision is evaluated against its ability to move one of these two levers, providing a clear and powerful framework for creating shareholder value.

To elicit candid answers from fund managers, the most effective technique is not the question itself but the silence that follows. Resisting the psychological urge to fill the space forces the manager to sit with the question, often leading to less rehearsed and more truthful responses.