Contrary to the popular image, Joan of Arc was not a shepherdess and displayed a degree of class consciousness about it. During her trial, she insisted she was a spinner and sewer—a more respectable trade—and challenged the court women to match her skill, revealing a pride in her higher-than-lowest-peasant status.

The truce was an "away fixture" for the British, but an occupation for the French. When a British unit that had fraternized with Germans on Christmas Day marched back from the line, French women lined the streets to spit on them, disgusted they would socialize with the invaders of their country.

Protestantism offered a direct route to heaven through good deeds and faith, eliminating the need to pay the Catholic Church for "indulgences." This reframes a major religious schism as an appealing financial proposition for a populace being heavily taxed for salvation.

Joan's decision to wear men's clothing was a profound theological transgression, explicitly condemned in the Book of Deuteronomy. She never justified it on practical grounds like safety, but as a direct command from her voices. This framed the act as one of religious obedience that paradoxically broke religious law, making it central to her heresy charge.

Major philosophical texts are not created in a vacuum; they are often direct products of the author's personal life and historical context. For example, Thomas Hobbes wrote 'Leviathan,' which argues for an authoritarian ruler, only after fleeing the chaos of the English Civil War as a Royalist. This personal context is crucial for understanding the work.

In an era defined by religious warfare, John Law's conversion from Protestantism to Catholicism was a pragmatic business decision, not a spiritual one. This illustrates a remarkably secular and free-thinking mindset, treating religion as a political necessity rather than a deeply held conviction.

The very first literary account of Joan of Arc was written in 1429 by Christine de Pizan, considered the first professional female writer in Western history. This establishes that Joan's narrative was shaped and celebrated by a prominent female voice in real-time, not just in hindsight.

The English believed their string of improbable victories against a larger, richer France proved God's favor. They viewed their claim to the French throne not as aggression but as a divinely sanctioned right, using battlefield success as theological proof that their cause was just.

The English weren't led by incompetent occupiers. John, Duke of Bedford was a wise, feared, and respected administrator who spoke French and maintained a standing army—a rarity for the time. His effective governance makes the subsequent English collapse following Joan's arrival more dramatic and less inevitable.