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Governments don't just measure society; they change it through classification. William the Conqueror's Domesday Book was for taxation and control. In colonial India, the British solidified fluid caste categories into rigid bureaucratic forms, altering political representation and social identity for generations.
Long before AI, classification systems embedded their creators' worldviews. Melville Dewey's 1876 system gave Christianity 70 classifications while grouping other religions into a single category. This demonstrates that bias originates in the human-made data and categories that AI systems are trained on, not just the algorithm itself.
Modern British class tensions, particularly between a globalized elite and a nativist working class, are not just economic but a cultural echo of the 1066 Norman Conquest. This historical event established a long-lasting, racialized caste system that continues to frame contemporary political divisions, with wealth and status still correlated with Norman vs. Saxon heritage.
Core statistical methods like Pearson's R and standard deviation were developed by prominent eugenicists. This isn't to say using them is wrong, but it highlights the historical context: these tools were designed to categorize and rank people based on decontextualized, between-person differences.
While writing enabled literature, its initial large-scale driver was administration. The Sumerians quickly developed sophisticated numeracy and bookkeeping to manage tithes, track goods, and run their city-states. This established accounting as a foundational use of the written word.
Major leaps in data infrastructure are often responses to political crises, not just inevitable technological progress. The Great Depression, WWII, and the Cold War forced governments to develop new systems for tracking unemployment, managing logistics, and modeling conflict, creating the foundations of the Information Age.
China's "engineering state" mindset extends beyond physical projects to social engineering. The Communist Party treats its own people as a resource to be moved or molded—whether displacing a million for a dam or enforcing the one-child policy—viewing society as just another material to achieve its objectives.
During British rule in Rhodesia, white employers often found indigenous Shona names too complex to pronounce. They would unilaterally assign simple English names to their African workers, demonstrating how administrative convenience under colonialism actively eroded cultural identity.
The rise of figures like Cromwell wasn't accidental. It was a strategy, started by Henry VII, to elevate capable men from lower classes into government. This created a powerful administrative class loyal to the crown and, crucially, disposable, which allowed the monarch to sideline the powerful nobility.
Contrary to the belief that data is a byproduct of complex societies, it was a prerequisite. Early writing systems weren't for literature but for administrative tasks like inventories and tax records. These records allowed for the coordination of large populations, making civilization possible in the first place.
Today's identity politics is enabled and defined by computer-driven systems. Algorithms sort and target individuals, grouping them into quantifiable blocks that can then assert political power. This differs fundamentally from earlier forms of interest-group mobilization that were not algorithmically constructed.