DLocal identified a niche where global companies like Amazon and Netflix struggled to accept payments in emerging markets because local payment methods, unlike Visa or Mastercard, were not universally accepted online. This B2B focus on solving complex, fragmented payment infrastructure became their core business.

Investors often mistake a large industry for a single, winner-take-all market. A vertical like legal tech isn't one market to be won; it's a $500 billion industry. Just as the legal profession has many specializations, the tech serving it will produce dozens of successful, specialized companies.

A functioning micropayment economy for AI-accessed content is not a simple software problem; it's a massive infrastructure challenge. The required system must handle over 100 million financial transactions per second, a scale that dwarfs Visa's peak capacity of 20,000 transactions per second.

Large companies view opportunities representing less than 1-10% of their total revenue as distractions. This creates a "sweet spot" for startups to build significant businesses in areas ignored by giants, turning a distraction into an opportunity.

While many investors hunt for pure monopolies, most tech markets naturally support a handful of large players in an oligopoly structure. Markets like payments (Stripe, Adyen, PayPal) demonstrate that multiple large, successful companies can coexist, a crucial distinction for market analysis and investment strategy.

Platforms like ChatGPT achieve global scale in years, not decades. This speed means relying on a single payment service provider (PSP) is no longer viable. Companies now need a multi-PSP strategy to optimize routing and maintain leverage, creating a market for orchestrators like Basis Theory.

Entrepreneurs often overlook massive opportunities in non-obvious industries. The world is full of "hidden in plain sight" businesses, from manufacturing pencil lead to industrial dyes, where competition from traditionally "smart people" is low.

The financial system is unprepared for the coming wave of AI agents. These agents will perform tasks and require payment, creating trillions of micropayments. Current infrastructure from Stripe, Visa, or Mastercard cannot handle this volume, creating a massive opportunity for new protocols to facilitate the 'agent economy'.

Don't underestimate the size of AI opportunities. Verticals like "AI for code" or "AI for legal" are not niche markets that will be dominated by a few players. They are entire new industries that will support dozens of large, successful companies, much like the broader software industry.