Vinod Khosla warns that AI will decimate the traditional business process outsourcing and IT services sectors, which are foundational to India's economy. Incumbent firms face extinction unless they radically reinvent their business models.
With over half of new startup pitches focusing on AI automating existing jobs, the primary solution to this massive displacement is not retraining, but fostering an ecosystem that aggressively creates new companies, new industries, and consequently, new roles.
Unlike past industrial shifts, AI's impact won't be contained to specific industries. Once AI can perfectly replicate a human worker behind a keyboard, video, and mouse, it will trigger a simultaneous displacement wave across all remote-capable jobs.
Beyond displacing current workers, AI will lead to hiring "abatement," where companies proactively eliminate roles from their hiring plans altogether. This is a subtle but profound workforce shift, as entire job categories may vanish from the market before employees can be retrained.
Just as NAFTA brought cheap goods but eliminated manufacturing jobs, AI will create immense productivity via a new class of "digital immigrants" (AIs in data centers). This will generate abundance and cheap digital services but risks displacing vast swaths of cognitive labor and concentrating wealth.
The economic incentive for VCs funding AI is replacing human labor, a $13 trillion market in the US alone. This dwarfs the $300 billion SaaS market, revealing the ultimate goal is automating knowledge work, not just building software.
VCs have traditionally ignored the massive $16T services sector due to its low margins. AI automation can fundamentally change this by eliminating repetitive tasks, allowing these companies to achieve margin profiles similar to software businesses, thus making the sector newly viable for venture investment.
The initial wave of AI-driven efficiency isn't leading to widespread US layoffs. Instead, it's allowing American companies to bring repetitive tasks back in-house that were previously outsourced to countries like India and the Philippines. This suggests immediate job displacement will occur abroad.
A powerful mental model for the future of work is a three-step pipeline. If a job can be done remotely in a high-cost country, it can be offshored to a low-cost one. Once offshored and process-driven, it becomes a prime target for AI automation. This positions remote work as a transitional phase, not an endpoint.
The labor market faces a dual threat. Weak demand, linked to tariffs and deglobalization, has already pushed job growth to zero. As AI adoption accelerates productivity, it could further suppress labor demand, potentially tipping the economy into a state of net job decline.
Khosla predicts AI will make services like education, medicine, and legal advice nearly free. This creates a deflationary economy where the societal challenge shifts from optimizing efficiency to distributing abundance.